Project Proposal Assignment: Strategies to Reduce Risk Factors of Traffic Controllers

Question

Task: Prepare a detailed and well-researched project proposal assignment developing the mitigation strategies against risk factors of road traffic controllers, especially the workplace hazards aligned to it.

Answer

Aim:
The sole aim of this research topic is to find out mitigation strategy to decrease the risk factors affecting traffic controllers, especially workplace hazards.Road traffic controllers are responsible for managing vehicles on the road, pedestrian traffic around the road and ensuring the safety of vehicles.Traffic controllers use several ways to control the traffic and have a perfect eye on the traffic(Ridley& Channing, 2008). It is a work that has a lot of risks associated with it. Any misconduct or wrong decision may lead to fatal accidents, which can be very harmful. Several workplace hazards become a risk for the traffic controllers, leading to poor decision-making.

A few of the workplace hazards associated with traffic controllers are:
The key to perfect road management is by high-quality traffic organization. Traffic management is synchronization and lookingatall vehicles and pedestrians on the road or any construction site to promiseto build labours and public safety. Traffic jams have been the most important problem in many countries. Road traffic controllers’ control everything on the road, from traffic lights to communication systems which needed to be done to find the risk and understand it(Sherratt, Farrell& Noble, 2013). Risks will occur, some good, some bad, but these can lead to catastrophic results.

If these risks are avoided or unseen, then the road management will not be up to the mark and create many fusses. If there are workplace hazards,it affects the traffic controllers' mind, and he or she makes wrong decisions(Sherratt, 2014). The research topic aims to find out a perfect solution or strategy that can reduce the risk factors associated with the workplace of traffic controllers and result in fewer fatal accidents. Traffic management has been a great issue all over the world. It is one of the hazardous jobs in the world.

Objective:
This research topic focuses several paperwork or articles can be found on air traffic management but very less on road traffic management. Apart from distracted drivers, inadequate training of traffic controllers leads to severe accidents. A mitigation strategy is a step taken to prevent or reduce hazard causing harm. The objective is to set up and implement suitable strategies and efficient measures to reduce the risk linked with traffic controllers. There can be several risk factors of traffic controllers:

• Workplace hazard - less training, poor workplace
• Socioeconomic - financial factors, personal reasons
• Health hazard - fatigue, absent mind, chronic health issue
• Safety first/outbound factors – reckless drivers, unsafe weather

When these risk factors are reduced, there will be few mistakes happening by the traffic controllers, and fewer fatal accidents will happen. The objectives are:

• Identification – it must include whether the risk is, first and foremost, preventable. Until and unless the risk is identified, it cannot be removed. It needs to be found out why such risk is happening and what the reason behind it is.
• Impact Assessment - establish the chance and consequence of the definite risk and predict the damage it can cause.
• Develop strategies – after a perfect study has been done on the risk factor, it should be planned to stop that from happening or minimize it.
• The last step is to avoid, transfer, accept and limit it.

Introduction
In this modern era, there is a lot of increase in vehicles on the road, which means it will need perfect management to handle them. Here come traffic controllers who need to manage the road and pedestrians so that nothing wrong happens. Traffic controllers have control over CCTV that will be used for monitoring traffic by local or other authorities successfully. Traffic control is outdoor work done night and day and is considered a dangerous job due to presence of mismanagement. Traffic management needs a lot of precision. As a traffic safety and control officer because it is their duty to manage traffic movement around the road which is done by planned roadwork, large events or construction projects.

They need to make the important decision on how to safely manage traffic systems, predicting traffic flow and potential issue on planned routes, handling incidents such as traffic collisions and arranging the swift removal of debris and other risks. Several risk factors affect the swift working of the traffic controllers and lead to fatal accidents. There should be less risk affecting the work of traffic controllers to make perfect decisions in their work. The researcher needs to reduce the risk associated with traffic controllers. Mitigation strategies are implemented.

The workplace hazards associated with traffic controllers need to be mitigated so that they can work freely. The researcher needs to mitigate risk. It is needed to analyze the risk, understand it, study it, and then try to solve it. One of the workplace hazards associated with traffic controller is inadequate training. Inadequate training means less knowledge about the work and less knowledge to solve the situation. For such risk factors, the traffic controller must be well trained and versed in risky situations. Mitigation strategy includes several steps:

In this research topic, mitigation strategies are dealt with to minimize the risk factors associated with workplace hazards that affect the traffic controller from performing their day to day life work on a swift basis. Traffic controllers face many risks in their job worldwide, which affects them from making a perfect decision according to the situation. When these risk factors are mitigated, there will be fewer wrong decision-making and fewer accidents.

Literature Review
Title 1:Risk Factors present to traffic controllers

Author: Dann, William (2013) Investigation into traffic controller health and safety at road works in Queensland

Workplace hazard
Providing inadequate training
An occupational danger is a condition in the workplace that has the potential to injure or harm employees, as well as cause damage to the traffic system. Hazards that exist in the workplace can come from a variety of places.

Poor workplace access
Physical risks present in the construction location are leg injuries, cut and other major accidents from accidents or tall buildings. All of these can affect an employee without anyone ever touching them(Mallelaet al.,2018). Physical conditions that may cause musculoskeletal injuries are referred to as ergonomic hazards.

Falls, trips or slips
People must be able to walk around the workplace freely. Trips, slips, and crashes often cause accidents and injuries at work. Visitors in and around the premises under their jurisdiction can be at risk(Rawling& Munton,2021). Slips occur when there is insufficient pressure between the feet and the surface you move or operate on, resulting in a lack of balance. The most common source of office slips is a loss of momentum.

Socioeconomic
Financial factors
Childhood has social disparities account for a significant portion of the later mortality differential between blacks and whites.

Family obligations
While older Asians have a higher level of schooling, they live in poverty at the double the rate of whites. There are no comparable estimates for American Indians.

Personal reasons
The impact of health on wages tends to be associatedwith current income and health among males in their 50s.

Health hazard
Fatigue
Any of the agents you interact with can cause you to become allergic or susceptible. Sensitization is a condition that may evolve. If equipment is faulty or if proper training is not given, car and equipment operators will be injured to pedestrians.

Circadian rhythm
A compressed space is an environment that is not built for daily work and has limited spaces for workers to enter and leave. Maintenance holes, sewage digestors, and silos are confined spaces.

Chronic health issues
Due to a lack of oxygen, every worker will become unconscious and die. There must be an excessive amount of oxygen or other contaminants that could catch fire or explode.

Safety First
Reckless Drivers
The research study must understand traffic safety. To avoid running through the window in the event of a wreck, you should still wear a seatbelt when driving.

Unsafe weather conditions
Maintain a reasonable distance from the vehicle in front of you so that you are shielded from personal injury, and the vehicle is not damaged if they need to apply abrupt brakes.

Changes in project scope
It is also a good idea to buckle up all passengers, including those in the backseat. Alcohol has been shown to slow down the human body's response rate. Defensive driving is a technique that allows drivers to reduce the risks associated with driving deliberately.

Title 2:Hazards present in the workplace
Author: Ridley, J & Channing, J 2008, Safety at work, 7th edn, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford UK. A workplace should always be a safe and healthy area to work and make decisions. But if the worker needs to do his service is not up to the mark, it affects the individual's ability to perform the task. Some of the hazards at the workplace are dingy offices, less ventilated rooms and poor machines to work inside the workplace(Berglundet al.,2020). When a traffic controller faces such issues,they cannot perform their task, which leads to severe damage. A single mistake by a traffic controller can end many lives and be the reason for mass destruction. For such reason, the area where the traffic controller works need to be well equipped and friendly.

One of the hazards is inadequate knowledge about the workspace or the work. If the controller does not know the traffic rules, it becomes a problem for him to manage the traffic. If the wellbeing of the traffic controller is not maintained, it is a problem for the person to make the correct decision(Davies,2020). Some hazards are slips, trips and fall. If a traffic controller does not have a proper area to move and do his duty,it is not easy for the person to concentrate. These risk factors need to be assessed and minimized so that the work goes on smoothly.

In several countries around the world, traffic volumes and pollution have been a big issue. It has become a major problem in Australia's major cities. The traffic control workforce is most dangerous occupations in Australia. When directing traffic on a construction project for other workers and engineers where more experienced traffic controllers lose their life in the name of safety(Wagner,2019). Several reports of health issues and occupational accidents involving traffic controllers have been recorded across Australia.

Title 3: Risk Analysis: A Guide to Principles and Methods for Analysing Health andEnvironmental Risk
Mitigation means decreasing, so to stop these hazards from happening, some ways must be implemented. Some of the strategies to mitigate these risks are:

• Proper training about the work and knowledge must be given to the controller.
• The workspace or area where the traffic controller works should be made user friendly.
• The workplace must be well equipped to handle any situation.
• Constant feedback must be taken from the controller about his workspace if anything needs to be changed or corrected.
• Working access must be modern and updated daily with new technologies.
• Workplace hazards include mental health, so they must be kept in mind and managed.

When these strategies are implemented, it should be noted how these make the difference. Just making strategies or using them will not remove the hazards, but constant monitoring is required. A traffic controller must be rewarded for the good work he/she does, which will motivate them to perform their work more efficiently(Schonfeld& Chang, 2017). Happiness matters the most in anything a person does. If he /she is unhappy or feels burdened with their work, they will lack the concentration needed to perform the task. There must be strategies to look after the mental health of the traffic controllers so that it does not affect the work, he is assigned with traffic control. It must be remembered that many lives are in the hand of a traffic controller, so he/she must know their responsibilities. Mitigation strategies will reduce risks but will not eradicate them.

Title 4: Incorporating socioeconomic factors to improve traffic control and management
Author:Montasir M. Abbas, Chair Antoine G. HobeikaLinbing Wang (2015)
The study looks at the results of understanding various household income groups in particular. Signal control techniques are the subject of this article, which includes both an idea and evidence. Apart from health threats, environmental risks, and occupational hazards, the socioeconomic risk is a major contributor to traffic controller risk factors(Suter,2020). It will be chosen as the priority journal because it demonstrates a crucial link to all of the major risk factors included in the proposed study. In terms of contrasting the data to more modern times, the report is very useful. As a result, the suggested paper will have an impressive contrast with far more recent data and comparatively more ground-breaking.

Expected Outcome and Benefits
The expected outcome for the researches study and their benefits for the research study are as follows:

• Creates a guideline for the traffic controllers toprevent any occupational hazard on the roads in future
• Help to create a framework to tackle all the challenges present in traffic controlling The main benefit of the research study is identifying the future potential of the research study successfully. The framework will enable the traffic management to implement all the mitigation strategy to remove all risk factors present in the traffic monitoring process(Tobiszewski, Namie?nik& Pena-Pereira,2017). The researcher can utilize their future purpose to remove the accidents or reckless driving on the road successfully.

Methodology
The survey analysis needs to be conducted for managing the risk factors present in traffic control. The research study will help to create a powerful base for traffic management. They need a deeper definition of risk assessments to recognize all of these risks and consider their magnitude(Le Page et al.,2017). Even though risk reduction is critical, the report is only loosely based on the health risks and the accident's outcomes and aftereffects.

They do not even quantify the risk to their health. They recognize how health risks are measured in terms of their severity. This greatly assists the proposed study in developing mitigation strategies to eradicate very low-risk factors so that money can be focused on high magnitude risk.

Methods and principles for studying environmental and health risks
A threat is something that is proven to cause damage and is thus a source of health risk. The chance or possibility of a hazard is happening, and the severity of the resulting consequences are referred to as danger. The circumstances or circumstance of making dung cake close to the building is dangerous because it encourages flies to breed near fresh food in the house. The threat that harms the child's wellbeing is tainted food(Zhouet al.,2019). The danger, in this case, is caused by the infectious agent and the mechanism or disease. Ergonomic risks arise because the type of job, body posture, and working environments place the body under stress.

Data is gathered to assess the program's efficacy in reducing traffic-related accidents and deaths, particularly since an initiative successful in a clinical trial or a limited sample may work differently in the community(Gul, 2020). Using a systems strategy means taking into account the structural causes and the involvement of various organizations and actors in preventive efforts. Road traffic accidents are a multifaceted challenge that necessitates a holistic approach when evaluating the causes, implications, and solutions.

Any road traffic scheme is intricate and potentially dangerous to human health. Motor vehicles, bridges, and road users and their physical, social, and economic conditions are all part of the scheme. Making a road traffic scheme safer involves taking an integrated approach to consider the system as a whole and the interactions between its components and finding areas where interference is possible(Quet al.,2018). Measures targeting each aspect will then be applied independently, making it simpler since the decision-makers in charge of each intervention region do not have to communicate with the others.

Data collection and analysis
The data collection occurs under twoperspectives where one of them is traffic management system are public transport planning agencies and passengers. Setting up sample size is one of the most important factors to understand the real reason behind the mitigation of the risk factors present in the traffic control system(Twohig-Bennett& Jones,2018). The use of a descriptive analysis design will ensure that sufficient consideration has been devoted to adequately explaining the inherent advantages and flaws involved with traffic control implementation(Alase, 2017). In the meantime, it would be simpler to determine if the business would benefit from earning revenues.

Using a sample encourages the use of an exploratory analysis design because it allows for a deeper interpretation of the subject matter. Meanwhile, secondary approaches allow for the use of descriptive analysis architecture and interpretive expertise in associating the study's objectives.The research study uses both secondary and primary data is used for the report. The consent of the survey respondents must be considered first before performing primary data analysis(Boeleeet al.,2019). In the meantime, the participants must be given a significant amount of knowledge to meet the opportunities and goals of project successfully. In secondary based research study, it is critical that everyreport provides benefits to the researcher to gain accurate outcome(Xiaet al.,2018).

2a. Public transport planning agencies
Among the agencies, the researcher will be utilizing the survey process by successfully creating 15 questions for the research study. The planning agencies utilize different mitigation strategies to successfully remove all the risk factors present in the traffic control(Trinhet al.,2018). Collecting data from these agencies will play the most important role. The survey analysis will help the researcher know the ways agencies are facing travel to remove all the risk factors.

2b. Passengers
It is your obligation as a rider in a vehicle to uphold a duty of safety to defend yourself. Although a commuter is not required or responsible for anticipating any decision made by the driver, he or she must be mindful of their own surroundings(Boelee et al.,2019). Passenger service agents provide travellers with logistical tasks such as reserving fares, issuing boarding passes, and accepting baggage before and after flights.

They mostly operate in airport terminals, where they sit at counters or gates and rarely wander around enough to assist travellers. Survey analysis among the passengers is important because it helps the researcher determine whether the government is successfully implementing the mitigation process. For this reason, the survey process will help to provide statistical data for the given research study(Oakden-Rayner et al.,2017). The total questions that will be created for the survey process are equivalent to 25 questions.

However, the passengers need to be fully devoted to completing the research study successfully. The first step of the project involves doing a literature review to obtain as much relevant information as possible to incorporate appropriate and effective data collection tools(Song, Ming& Liu, 2017). The literature review also highlights a more in-depth look at the problems and consequences of traffic management. The project's next step is to collect evidence from surveys and case studies.

Project Timeline and milestone
A project timeline allows managers to see the whole project operation with the help of graphical representation successfully. A project timeline is usually represented as per tasks including their ending and starting time. The project timeline is 88 days.

Conclusion
From overall analysis of the research study, it could be found out that collect and analyze vehicle driving data in the field, conduct optimum traffic signal management in response to the constantly altering the road situation because it provides valuable traffic information to drivers based on the collected data. It is ensuring a seamless traffic flow by narrowing vehicle travel times. The process is also lowering the number of times cars come to a stop would result in benefits such as less road traffic collisions and lower air emissions will contribute to a safer and more secure road traffic climate.

It will be chosen as the priority journal because it demonstrates a crucial link between all four major risk factors included in the proposed study. In terms of contrasting the data to more modern times, the report is very useful. As a result, the suggested paper will have an impressive contrast with far more current statistics and the comparatively more ground breaking. ?

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