Organizational Change Management Assignment: The Literature Review Articles

Question

Task: There are two parts (A & B) to the assessment. Part A is the Literature Review. Part B is the critique of the literature.

1. The Challenges Facing the Field of organizational Change Management:
2. Diagnosing Chance in Organizations and the Role of Change Alerts;
3. The Process of Change: Readiness to Change and Designing Change frameworks:
4. Managing Resistance to Change;
5. The Role of Leadership and Culture Change during Transformational Change

Students are required to select one of the themes from the five themes listed above and conduct a review of the literature that relates to that theme. Students must source five peer reviewed journals articles with a publication date of no later than 2016. The five peer reviewed journal articles must support your chosen theme. You are then to complete a literature review all (5OO words) each article. The journals must be top tier journals. In order to get assistance in writing literature review; please refer to notes arid PPT slides on VU Collaborate under literature review’.

Answer

Article 1
Title:
Kamal, O. (2017). Organizational change is tough. Here are three rules to help get it right. [online] World Economic Forum. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/changing-your-organization-is-tough-heres-how-to-get-it-right/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Summary: In the present article of organizational change management assignment, Oday Kamal concentrates upon the reasons behind the changes that occur in organizations and affect their daily practices. The author has focused upon the facts that they simple rules need to be understood and anlaysed by the organizations in order to manage changes. It is very interesting to note that the large scale organizations of the world today, like Coca Cola, Johnson and Johnson , etc are in a constant state of flux and that is how experience change on a daily basis. The change comes in various ways and forms that demand the companies to successfully cater to the changing preferences and needs of the stakeholders. The article specifically discusses about the ways the organizations can hinder the pitfalls by opting for a though study and research of the changing nature of their market and stakeholders. The constant participatory changes that can be followed by all is something that the writer suggests to avoid risks that come with the change. The author also elucidates that the organizations need to separate the complex systems from the complicated ones and to take initiatives in developing communication pathways through digital mediums. These strategies and steps can be used to hinder the challenges that come to the organizations change management practices.

Critique: According to market researchers and European scholars (Nexum- People solutions for business challenges, 2019), it can be stated that the most important way to prevent the challenges is to make the employees work in their most prolific manner and change their personal and workplace attitudes and behaviour. The real change needs to come to the employees in order to accept, adapt, and foster organizational change management practices without any issues (Kaufman, 2017). In relation to the article written by Kamal (2017), it can be stated that the asynchronous communication can be of great help and is seen as a fundamental element in an organization that can help in addressing issues and solving them effectively. On the other hand, writer Tim Eisenhauer (2016), states that the change never happens in isolation and is affecting all members of an organization. Hence, the art of communication to prevail at all levels of the company and their activities is highly important. In relation to the rightful agreements and opinions of contemporary scholars and their researches, it can be stated that Kalam’s research and view on improving the communication through digital mediums to create a proper network to all the employees is highly impactful and can be used as a great strategy.

Conclusion:
In order to conclude the current article of organizational change management assignment, it can be stated that the organizational change management can be highly challenging at times and a proper infrastructure of an organization that allows employees to be empowered and share their mutual thoughts and vision is very important. In the current society, research works like Kamal (2017), and others provides immense knowledge and understanding on the significance of bringing changes and even provides ideas to manage change in the right order that is enriching and highly educational to all scholars and readers.

References:
Nexum- People solutions for business challenges. (2019). Change Management. [online] Available at: https://www.nexum.eu/change-management [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Kamal, O. (2017). Organizational change is tough. Here are three rules to help get it right. [online] World Economic Forum. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/changing-your-organization-is-tough-heres-how-to-get-it-right/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Eisenhauer, T. (2016). How to Communicate During Organizational Change. [online] Axero Solutions. Available at: https://axerosolutions.com/blogs/timeisenhauer/pulse/383/how-to-communicate-during-organizational-change [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Kaufman, H., 2017. The limits of organizational change. Routledge.

Article 2
Title:
Giugni, C. (2017). How to Successfully Manage Organizational Change - AMA. [online] Leadership & Business Management Blog. Available at: https://playbook.amanet.org/successfully-manage-organizational-change/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Summary: As one of the most important research works of Giugni, this particular article clearly articulates the major challenges that are faced by the organization change management authorities in various organizations. The writer has drafted important information by clearly stating that leaders are required in organizations to manage change in the present era. The author also mentions that there are various ways through which a change comes and in generic terms there are types of organizational changes- for instance, the developmental change, transitional changes the revolutionary changes or the transformational changes. The first challenge that the author talks about in the context of organizational change management assignment is related to the lack of effective communication. In addition, the other issues and apparent challenges faced by the organizations are indecisive attitudes of the organizations to address to the changes, the lack of time, the uneasiness of the employees in being ready to adapt the changes, the unrealistic timelines, the lack of experiences and other related issues play an important role in hindering successful change management operations. Not only communication but also the right way and order to communicate the reasons behind the changes across all levels of the operations is something that is highly important. The article is a significant document on stressing upon the issues and looking into the scope of organizational change management.

Critique: In regards to the work of Giugni (2017), the previous article’s views can be juxtaposed as they stress upon the area of communication as something that can be used as a strategy to eradicate the major challenges in organizational change management. The views and research work of Michael Stanleigh (2011) can be carefully observed to understand that the change management is not easy and is required to take various steps. in order to prevail effective communication streams across all areas of eth organization, it is needed to improve the quality of the employee behavior and the overall culture of the organization. Understanding the organizational objectives, prioritizing the beliefs and the organizational aim is also important in relation to just improving the communication strategies. Careful observations at the research work of Amy Zegart (2011) will demonstrate the fact that the adapting new practices to suit the needs of the employees and stakeholders is of great importance as the writer rightfully states that the organizational structure is more important than t is believed. In relation to the mentioned scholarly views and works it can be stated that only communication cannot be seen as an issue and other steps need to be taken to eradicate the issues of bringing and accepting changes in the organizations.

Conclusion
In order to conclude the article explored in the organizational change management assignment it can be stated that there are various issues that can be adversely affecting the strategies and the practices to develop and manage the organizational changes. However, there is a serious need to research upon the new and latest ideas and the steps that can be taken to eradicate the challenges faced by the organizations in bringing changes. The work of Giugni is of great importance as it elucidates various aspects that are important to develop a concrete understanding on the ways the organizations need to manage their changes.

References:
Zegart, A. (2011). Implementing Change: Organizational Challenges. [online] Intelligence Analysis: Behavioral and Social Scientific Foundations. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/13062/chapter/18 [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Stanleigh, M. (2011). The Challenges and Opportunities for Accelerating Organizational Change – Part 1 | | Business Improvement Architects. [online] Bia.ca. Available at: https://bia.ca/the-challenges-and-opportunities-for-accelerating-organizational-change-part-1/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Giugni, C. (2017). How to Successfully Manage Organizational Change - AMA. [online] Leadership & Business Management Blog. Available at: https://playbook.amanet.org/successfully-manage-organizational-change/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Article 3
Title
Juncu, M. (2017). How to Overcome the Challenges of Organizational Change. [online] Performancemagazine.org. Available at: https://www.performancemagazine.org/organizational-change-challenges/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Summary: This article from Maria Juncu (2017) discussed in this organizational change management assignment is highly prolific and educational in nature as it aims to describe the various ways through which one can overcome the challenges that are faced by the organizations in managing change. Organizational change is something that is constant and is well expected to arrive under any given circumstances. The article also mentions that the changes are necessary and even compulsory at times to enable the organization to stay highly competitive and strong in the market. The article discusses the various ways the organization can use to eradicate the issues that hinder their change management procedures. Communication is stated as the most important formula that is followed by the right ways and use of marketing. The article also states that understanding the dispersion and identifying the variables is even important to manage change. setting a proper milestone and goals by the management team is also something that can be used to hinder the other challenges related to lack of time and resources in managing changes in the organizations. However, the most important actions are required to be carried out by the employees by bringing positive changes in their behavior and actions.

Critique: According to Adonna Blasko (2016), it can be stated that many organizations are large and they are required to look into the interests and demands of many employees. In such situations, the management operations can get highly challenging and complex. Managing multiple employees can be a task that needs a lot of patience and a strong infrastructure alongside other operations that is often not possible in many cases. Understanding the multiple teams and differentiating the needs of the multiple sites can be tricky (Imran et al., 2016). In such situation, only marketing and communication will not help. Juggling the several changes can be extremely difficult for large-scale organizations. It must be noted that a team of scholars also suggest that there is a significant lack of understanding the weaknesses of leaders in managing organizational changes and that there are bad or insufficient practices to strengthen the leadership n many areas (Quick Base, 2019). One of the best ways to fight the challenges is to manage internal conflicts that do often very frequently in many organizations, and to be able to do so, a proper infrastructure of leadership and employee empowerment is required that is not always looked or analyzed carefully.

Conclusion:
It has been observed in this organizational change management assignment that large- scale companies require more strategies and many other steps to manage organizational changes. it is the large scale organizations that have a lot of employees who are having different taste and preferences. It is ideal to look carefully into the leadership areas and know right leaders can hinder the issues in change management by stopping or eradicating the internal conflicts and fostering employee growth by motivating them. Applying the right leadership styles into the organizational practices by understanding the right needs and requirements of the people is something that holds immense significance in catering to employees and enriching the employee empowerment practices that can help in reducing the change management issues.

References:
Juncu, M. (2017). How to Overcome the Challenges of Organizational Change. [online] Performancemagazine.org. Available at: https://www.performancemagazine.org/organizational-change-challenges/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Blasko, A. (2016). 7 Challenges of Managing Change (and How to Deal with Them). [online] Pilgrim Quality Solutions Blog | Quality Management Blog. Available at: https://www.pilgrimquality.com/blog/7-challenges-of-managing-change/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Quick Base. (2019). 5 Leadership Challenges in Change Management. [online] The article also mentions that the changes are necessary and even compulsory at times to enable the organization to stay highly competitive and strong in the market. Organizational change management assignment. Available at: https://www.quickbase.com/blog/5-leadership-challenges-in-change-management [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Imran, M.K., Rehman, C.A., Aslam, U. and Bilal, A.R., 2016. What’s organization knowledge management strategy for successful change implementation?. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29(7), pp.1097-1117.

Article 4
Title
Fountain, J., Mousseau, M., Allison, G., Blackwill, R., Wyne, A., Parker, S., Chefitz, G. and Fountain, J. (2019). Challenges to Organizational Change: Facilitating and Inhibiting Information-Based Redesign of Public Organizations. [online] Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Available at: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/challenges-organizational-change-facilitating-and-inhibiting-information-based-redesign [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Summary: The Harvard Kennedy School that discusses how the public sector is affected by the organizational changes published the research article from Fountain et al., 2019. The research work has primarily focused on the challenges of the organizational change management. The group of scholars have been highly remarkable in stating that the constant redesigning and changes in the internet and intelligence is bringing tough challenges to the organizations to manage and monitor organizational changes, managing networks is something that the writers have stated as a major problem. The scholars have drawn inspiration and quotes from Milward and Provan (2000) where there is a significant gap in the literature and research in understanding the right and most effective schemes of networks that can help in building communication and erase many issues of adapting and assessing change in organizations. The central theme of the organizational change management assignment has been reflected on the use of information and service designs that can help in benefitting the organizations. The writers have stated that the right and methodical use of the World Wide Web can be helpful in channeling many daily practices in the private sector organizations that can eventually help in eradicating many internal issues and challenges.

Critique:
According to the works of Bejinariu et al., 2017, it can be stated that the organizational change can be considered to be a fact of life and that changes often allows an organization to bring necessary modifications to their ongoing practices, their mission, vision and objectives. In relation to that it can be stated that the changes and improvements in the internet based practices is not sufficient as many other things change in an organization that is equally important to note. It needs to be identified that a clear and effective system that welcomes a holistic approach in bringing and implementing the change is the best way to obliterate the effects of the issues of the organizational change management (Dawson, 2019). The scholars give a clear elucidation on how the organizations can be considered as an organism, or it can be considered to be a political unit or a machine that can help in understanding the true needs as the demands of the different organizational units that can be used to foster the successful change management systems. The scholars have rightfully stated that the ADKAR model can be used to implement the best practices of change management by any organization.

Conclusion:
In relation to the above mentioned scholarly views within this organizational change management assignment, it can be stated that following scholarly models, theories and formulas can be a beneficial way through which any organization can look carefully into their issues and bring strategies to combat them. It has been observed, however, that there is not just one particular model or formula that can be used. In addition, that there are many ways through which the organizations can look into their challenges and solve them by the most suitable model or practice of works.

References:
Bejinariu, A., Jitarel, A., Sarca, I. and Mocan, A. (2017). ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT – CONCEPTS DEFINITIONS AND APPROACHES INVENTORY. [online] Toknowpress.net. Available at: http://www.toknowpress.net/ISBN/978-961-6914-21-5/papers/ML17-061.pdf [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Fountain, J., Mousseau, M., Allison, G., Blackwill, R., Wyne, A., Parker, S., Chefitz, G. and Fountain, J. (2019). Challenges to Organizational Change: Facilitating and Inhibiting Information-Based Redesign of Public Organizations. [online] Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Available at: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/challenges-organizational-change-facilitating-and-inhibiting-information-based-redesign [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Dawson, P., 2019. Reshaping change: A processual perspective. Routledge.

Article 5
Title
ANINKAN, D. (2018). Organizational Change, Change Management, and Resistance to Change – An Exploratory Study. [online] Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1f9d/6c0414b872cb462dd75dab3aa6598759fc57.pdf [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Summary: The article explored in this organizational change management assignment talks about the many aspects that the organizational change management has in the contemporary world. As a recent published journal, the research work has collected information from contemporary and recent past documents, as secondary sources of information, to build strong arguments and discussions on the change management concepts, and on the various ways to resist change in the constantly changing market. The authors write that many companies are aiming to implement new managerial concepts and actions to their daily operations in order to benefit the stakeholders with the new changes in their objectives and work ethics. It is not only the external forces, but the internal demands and the changing requirements of the people that also play a vital role in making the changes become complex and composite in its nature and form. This also creates many issues to the organizations and that hinders the overall practices of the organizational change management. Understanding the resistance level of the change is also important in managing the changes and that helps in implementing the changes in the right order. A lot of participation from the employees and a constant communication flow are the two most important aspects through which the change management systems can be benefitted.

Critique:
According to scholars like Brunsson and Olsen, (2018), it can be articulated that the true meaning of reform needs to be first well examined. According to the scholars it is clear that reforms are the ways through which the employees and other stakeholders are able to meet their requirements by bringing necessary changes to the objectives and the operations of the organizations (Burke, 2017). This is something worth noting as a simple reform in the manner of change can be highly beneficial. However, understanding the effects and outcomes of the reforms are equally necessary. In relation to the chosen article by ANINKAN (2018), it can be stated that reforms are different from the changes and that the resistance of both needs to be well examined before opting for nay specific change management process or strategy. Scholars do state that the most important and necessary step is to evaluate the self- attitudes and behaviour of the employees who are the most important stakeholders in harnessing and strengthening the overall organizational change through their acceptance and adaptability (Pugh, 2016).

Conclusion
It has been observed in this organizational change management assignment that the act of managing change goes through several levels to be successfully implemented to resolve the internal or external issues in an organization. Change as observed through the researchers is something that is necessary as well as needed in all organizations. Hence managing change and the related reforms is something that needs more attention and analysis in the current world scenario. It must be noted that the scholarly works will provide theoretical information but the real and most important part s to be done by the employees and stakeholders who need to change their attitudes and behavior in welcoming change.

Reference List
Brunsson, N. and Olsen, J.P., 2018. The Reforming organization: making sense of administrative change. Routledge.

ANINKAN, D. (2018). Organizational Change, Change Management, and Resistance to Change – An Exploratory Study. [online] Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1f9d/6c0414b872cb462dd75dab3aa6598759fc57.pdf [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].

Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.

Pugh, L., 2016. Change management in information services. Routledge.

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