Nursing Assignment Analysing Medical Case Scenario of Diabetic Patient

Question

Task: The purpose of this nursing assignmentis to enable students to demonstrate:
1. an understanding of the risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
2. an understanding of the relationship between the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the non-pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes.
3. an understanding of the impact of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes on the individual.
4. an evaluation of relevant literature to support an understanding of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and express this in a clear and succinct writing style.

Details: Case study - Dave Turner
Watch: Diabetes Australia. (2018, July 6). Dave’s type 2 diabetes diagnosis - National Diabetes Week. [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBSbDtkvfko Dave is 39 years old. He visited his local doctor after
experiencing vision problems whilst driving. He has been unusually tired and urinating at night.

Health history: Gastro oesophageal reflux disease, Tibial fracture (Right) aged 24 years - motorbike accident
Family history: Dave’s father was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the age of 50 years Observations:
– Blood pressure 150/90
– Heart rate 105 beats per minute
– Body mass index 32 - obese
– Blurred vision with blue-yellow colour loss
– Random venous blood glucose level - 25.0 mmol/L

Diagnosis: Type 2 diabetes
Referrals: ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, diabetes educator, dietitian, exercise physiologist
Using supporting academic references address the following;

1. Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Relate to the risk factors, pathophysiology and treatment. Support your answer with academic references.

2. Discuss the non-pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes and relate to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Support your answer with academic references.

3. Discuss one (1) potential long term physical complication of type 2 diabetes and relate it to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Support your answer with academic references.

4. Discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression. Support your answer with academic references.

Answer

Introduction
Diabetes Type 2 is a long term condition which affects the potential of people and their daily life functionality. In this nursing assignmentthe case of Dave is being reviewed to uncertain the differences in type 1 diabetes and type 2. The study firstly looks into the pathophysiology of the disease and subsequently looks at the different elements of importance which need to be developed and engaged within. It is important to understand that it contain different aspects such as that of risk factors, treatments and non-pharmacological interventions to gain an understanding of the case of the disease properly

1. Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment
Pathophysiology

Risk factors

Treatment

2. Non-Pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes
Non-Pharmacologicaltreatment of diabetes type 2 includes different methods which can be applied.

Self-management
One of the most common methods which can be applied for diabetes type 2 is that of self management and education. Carpenter et al., (2019), indicates that the use of self-management and education is beneficial for patients as this gives them a well rounded idea of what they are dealing with This helps them to ensure that they can actively manage their symptoms better.

Medical Nutritional therapy
Nutritional therapy according to Franz et al., (2017), includes the consumption of carbohydrates, protein and fats. There is no specific amount or type of carbohydrates which are recommended but monitoring the patient is important. Thus for the case of Dave, this is absolutely necessary.

Exercise and Weight loss
Considering the pathophysiology of the disease, it is important to note that he needs to lose weight effectively. It can be viewed that the weight creates excessive pressure and this is bad as it increases body pressure in the veins. Exercise and weight loss will allow the blood to flow better in Dave’s veins and this will help him to assure a greater amount of health for himself.

3. Long Term complication of type 2 Diabetes
It can be understood that drawing out from the pathophysiology of the disease it is prone to disrupting the normal functionality. This in-turn is indicative of the fact that the type of diabetes which is present for Dave has implications of several problems in the future. As the study of Morton et al. (2020), has defined that diabetes type 2 may result in long term heart conditions which occur for individuals. Additionally it can also cause strokes and problems with the kidneys. Eyesight damage according to Benoit et al., (2019), is a dominant issue which is viewed and associated with this case.

Diabetes Type 2 may also result in the formation of Alzheimers at an old age and furthermore it is related to hearing impairment, and frequent skin conditions which are present for a person. This is severely counterproductive and needs to be managed appropriately.

4. Relationship type 2 diabetes and depression
This huge, grounded partner study gives proof that the relationship among melancholy and diabetes is bidirectional, and this affiliation is to some degree clarified by however free of other realized danger factors, like adiposity and way of life factors. Future examinations are expected to affirm our discoveries in various populaces and to examine the potential components hidden this affiliation. Besides, sadness and diabetes are profoundly predominant in the moderately aged and old populace, especially in ladies(Owens-Gary et al., 2019).

Conclusion
Summarising the findings of this case it can be recommended at exercise is a major element which needs to be incorporated for Dave. This is because he is at a resounding chance of developing heart diseases and his BMI indicates that he is suffering from obesity. This indicates further that the element of diabetes needs to be generated and assured to the largest possible extent. The prevention and intervention is necessary and this would aid in ensuring that the symptoms of diabetes type 2 in Dave can be managed effectively.

References
Benoit, S. R., Swenor, B., Geiss, L. S., Gregg, E. W., &Saaddine, J. B. (2019). Eye care utilization among insured people with diabetes in the US, 2010–2014. Diabetes Care, 42(3), 427-433.https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/42/3/427.full.pdf

Carpenter, R., DiChiacchio, T., & Barker, K. (2019). Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes: An integrative review. International journal of nursing sciences, 6(1), 70-91.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013218303429

diabetes.org.uk, (2021).Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/differences-between-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes Franz, M. J., MacLeod, J., Evert, A., Brown, C., Gradwell, E., Handu, D., ...& Robinson, M. (2017). Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics nutrition practice guideline for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults: systematic review of evidence for medical nutrition therapy effectiveness and recommendations for integration into the nutrition care process. Nursing assignmentJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 117(10), 1659-1679. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marion-Franz/publication/317096562_Academy_of_Nutrition_and_Dietetics_Nutrition_Practice_Guideline_ for_Type_1_and_Type_2_Diabetes_in_Adults_Systematic_Review_of_Evidence_for_Medical_Nutrition_ Therapy_Effectiveness_and_Recommendations_f/links/59e38e2d0f7e9b97fbeafe3f/Academy-of-Nutrition-and-Dietetics-Nutrition-Practice-Guideline-for-Type-1-and-Type-2-Diabetes-in-Adults-Systematic-Review-of-Evidence-for-Medical-Nutrition-Therapy-Effectiveness-and-Recommendations-f.pdf

healthline.com, (2021).Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: What’s the Difference?https://www.healthline.com/health/difference-between-type-1-and-type-2-diabetes#:~:text=Type%201%20diabetes%20is%20an,body%20is%20resistant%20to%20insulin.

Morton, J. I., Liew, D., McDonald, S. P., Shaw, J. E., &Magliano, D. J. (2020). The association between age of onset of type 2 diabetes and the long-term risk of end-stage kidney disease: a national registry study. Diabetes Care, 43(8), 1788-1795. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/43/8/1788.full.pdf

Owens-Gary, M. D., Zhang, X., Jawanda, S., Bullard, K. M., Allweiss, P., & Smith, B. D. (2019).The importance of addressing depression and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of general internal medicine, 34(2), 320-324.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4705-2?deliveryName=DM11543