Management Assignment Tasks Based on Business Scenarios

Question

Task: Management Assignment Task 1

Answer

1. Describe at least six (6) communication processes and methods for effective communication.
Answer: Communication is a process of imparting or exchange of information by writing, speaking or using some other medium as well as receiving information. The capability to communicate effectively in today's world is an important skill. Communication being a dynamic process, communicating can impact positively or negatively in work as well as life relationships. Various ways of communication can determine the effectiveness of the processes. While stating these communication processes, it needs to be focussed that these need to overcome the possible barriers faced while communicating for their effectiveness (Tracy, 2019). The main communication processes start with the conceptualisation of ideas by the sender (1), who then encodes (2) the message (3) for transmitting it through the channel (4) to the receiver (5), who then decodes (6) the message and in turn, provides feedback in the form of some message or signal within a time. Thus, the sender is the individual who starts the conversation processes by the conceptualisation of the idea that is intended to be communicated to others. Encoding is when the sender makes use of certain words or non-verbal methods which includes signs, symbols, gestures and so on. The message is transmitted when encoding is finished and the sender finally receives the message intended to be conveyed. Such a message can be oral, written, symbolic or non-verbal in nature. The communication channel is selected by the sender as he selects the medium by which he conveys his message to the recipient. The receiver is the person receiving the intended or targeted message. Decoding is the receiving and interpretation of the sender’s message. Some methods for effective communication include ensuring that an appropriate channel is selected while transmitting the message also making sure that feedback is received once the message has been received. Other methods include active listening, asking questions related to the communication, being empathetic, clarifying as well as summarising, developing trust and rapport, and finally being present.

2. Explain the data collection and analysis methods, including the use of technology and technology services.
Answer:Businesses and organizations today need to be connected to their customers, users, clients, employees and sometimes with their competitors. Data can inform regarding their relationships and such information can enable organizations to enhance aspects of their operations. There are several ways in which data can be collected and analysed, and in this technology as well as technological services plays a predominant role (Peersman, 2014). Data collection is the methodology used in gathering varied types such as interviews, observations, surveys and questionnaires, focus groups, recording information, oral history and so on. Analysis methods include analysing these data collected either qualitative or quantitative by applying appropriate procedures to arrive at a suitable outcome from the data that is collected. Technology and technology services are often used in collecting data such as telephone, email, online forms and then it is also used in analysis methods such as thematic analysis using NVivo, statistical analysis using software, for instance, SPSS, R-programming, Ms Excel and so on.

3. Explain the legal requirements, policies, procedures and guidelines that relate to research, including those for handling and storing data, privacy and freedom of information.
Answer:While conducting research, there are varied legal requirements, policies, procedures and guidelines which also applies for storing and handling data, privacy and freedom of information. Policies underpin the expected standards of conduct and high-quality research, and in informing the research community regarding what constitutes and in managing breach of research conduct. Further such requirements need to comply with responsible conduct of research along with other appropriate state and national legislations and the university's policies and procedures, despite the research funding source or whether research needs ethics approval (Von Schomberg, 2013). Recording of data and information, storing of data, privacy and freedom of information will need to abide by stringent regulations and legal standards as well as abide by the conflict of interests. Researches need to prevent any sort of misconduct as well as comply with the framework outlined in the policies as well as associated procedures. Researchers need to be honest, transparent, rigour in their methodology as well as acknowledge biases ensuring fairness, respect, recognise, promote and be accountable for their researches.

4. Describe presentation techniques that can be used in presenting research information, including verbal and non-verbal techniques.
Answer:While presenting research information, there need to be appropriate techniques that includes verbal as well as non-verbal techniques. Most importantly, knowledge of the audience and time to practice the presentation has a crucial role in presenting. Other techniques include developing prior knowledge of the audience methodologically, tailoring the presentation to the context of the audience such that they can understand the information contained in the research information with ease (Pickard, 2013). The context of the presentation needs to be highlighted verbally. A PowerPoint presentation can enable depicting points of the presentation with ease in a point format and manner with the overall presentation in a simple manner. Data visualisation techniques and including infographics might ease presentation. The writing needs to be as flawless as possible. There needs to be an opportunity to include feedback or comments after the presentation such that audience understanding of the topic can be understood with ease.

5. Outline the standard reporting method.
Answer:Standard reporting method is an intricate type of reporting process which develops reliable, consistent, actionable information from disparate systems or sources. A standard reporting process can be applied across research processes. These processes generate and collect the data to be reported. To understand the standard reporting method, the decision is supported by a given report need to be understood. A standardized procedure for generating the data need to be identified for attaining data consistency. Tools for mining the data need to be developed then designing of templates for presentation of the data need to be included. These methods enable preparation of standard reporting method and adoption of suitable processes.

6. Outline the basic ethical standard that relates to applied research.
Answer: The basic ethical standards relating to applied research includes the guidelines that are there to educate and monitor scientists conducting research as well as to ensure the highest possible ethical standards. Some of the basic ethical standards include honesty in reporting data, methods, results, procedures, and publication status. Objectivity to avoid biases in experimental design, interpretation, data analysis, peer review, grant writing, personnel decisions, expert testimony and other parts of research. Integrity for retaining the agreements and promises, acting with sincerity, and striving for consistency of action and thoughtare certain aspects of basic ethical standards related to applied research (Tolley et al., 2016). Openness to share data, ideas, results, tools, resources and being open to new ideas as well as criticisms. To avoid careless errors, and carefully as well as critically examining the work of peers. In applied research respect for intellectual property such as copyrights, patents and other forms of intellectual properties is required. Not to use any unpublished data, methods or results without obtaining prior permission and providing credit whenever due. Most importantly it is required not to plagiarise contents of any part of research. Undertake responsible publication, responsible mentoring, respecting colleagues, having social responsibility, non-discriminating, competence, legality, showing care for animals and finally protecting human subjects.

7. Provide four (4) examples of applied research tools and methods and how they are applied.
Answer:Four examples of applied research tools and methods includes questionnaires, surveys, observations and focus groups. These tools and methods are applied in collecting data to collect data reliably and accurately (Wimmer, & Powell, 2016). Applied research includes resolving a specific problem or providing an innovative solution to issues that impacts an individual, group or society. It is a scientific method of inquiry or contractual research as it includes the practical application of scientific methods to every problem.

Management Assignment Task 2
For this task, you are to complete the following activity to demonstrate your ability to initiate and lead applied research, as relevant to organisational strategic practices and outcomes. Your research can be done on either your current workplace, a previous workplace or an organisation you would like to work in. You can discuss further with your Trainer/Assessor on a choice of organisation.

PART A
Complete the following steps to construct an applied research strategy:
• Obtain and review relevant task documentation, and consult with relevant personnel to clarify, confirm and document the applied research purpose and the needs of the target group. Answer:The purpose of applied researchis to enhance what is known regarding a problem with a goal to create a better solution. Hence its purpose is to form hypotheses, collecting data, analysis of results, developing conclusions, applying findings in real-life applications as well as the formation of new research questions. The scope of current research has been undertaken in the Human Resource department of Coles Pty Ltd, Australia, for middle-level employees, which is the previous workplace. The purpose of applied research will include to obtain and review of appropriate task documentation as well as consulting with relevant personnel for understanding aims of applied research.The task documentation reveals the purpose of applied research is enhancing employee satisfaction even with long working hours. The needs of the target groupcan be obtained by questionnaire method and they require greater job satisfaction to remain in their jobs for a longer time.

• Determine, obtain and review the policies and procedures in relation to conducting applied research, as well as relevant research ethics and codes of conduct. Answer:When conducting applied research at the organization, there is a requirement to determine, obtain and review of policies and procedures along with ethical codes of conduct. While conducting applied research, the scholar needs to abide by the organizational policies and procedures that relate to compliance relating to data, protection and integrity relating to data, non-disclosure of data, protecting privacy, the confidentiality of participants and following integrity in the strictest sense. Further, the state legislation along with the Federal legislation needs to be followed when conducting research.Policies and procedures for conducting applied research at Coles Pty Ltd is to maintain all privacy, and confidentiality of data also to include appropriate state and federal legislations. Apart from compliance with data confidentiality, and privacy, the organization makes sure that all data collected from participants or other sources are stored in an encrypted format within the organization storage space.When publishing such data conformance to ethical guidelines, policies and procedures have to be abided by. Also, ethical code of conduct includes publication of data with appropriate consent from participants as well as from the organization. Ethical codes of conduct also include not to disclose names or other details of participants of the research but only the research findings.

• Establish the mechanisms to be used for collecting and maintaining data in a systematic manner. Provide a full description of these mechanisms. Answer:The mechanism to be applied for collecting and maintaining data in a systematic manner includes a questionnaire. An appropriate formal questionnaire will be structured which will include qualitative as well as quantitative questions which can be answered objectively on a Likert scale as well as will include a place where responses can easily be written. The form will be developed on Google platform and forwarded on email ids of different employees, post the employees have indicated their consent to participate in the research by signing the participant consent form. The employees will be contacted face-to-face as well as by way of telephone to provide them with a brief overview of the research. Only once the employees understood regarding research aims and objectives, they were provided with the consent form to provide their participation in the research. Once these data have been collected, they will be stored in a folder in Google drive at the organization's email folder.

• Identify and analyse any factors affecting the reliability and validity of data. Document this analysis.
Answer:The aspects that impact the reliability and validity of data includes the ability level, age, sex, background and cultural background of the employees. Reliability is also impacted by overtime (test-retest reliability), and across items (internal consistency). Once the data has been collected, each of the response data needs to be tested for reliability and validity.

• Considering the available tools and resources, prepare, frame and document, an applied research strategy and hypothesis.
Answer: with all available tools and resources, and applied research strategy will aim at introducing aspects that enhance job satisfaction by introducing perks within working hours amongst employees. Hypothesis for this applied research will be as follows; (H0) Null hypothesis: Perks amongst working hours will not enhance the job satisfaction of employees (H1) Alternate hypothesis: Perks offered within working hours will increase job satisfaction of employees

• Considering the information determined, document a research proposal or plan which includes: a. The specific hypothesis
Answer: (H0) Null hypothesis: Perks amongst working hours will not enhance the job satisfaction of employees (H1) Alternate hypothesis: Perks offered within working hours will increase job satisfaction of employees

b. A valid population or sample size
Answer:Valid population for the research includes employees working at Coles Pty Ltd for the last 3 years minimum. Employees should be at least 30 years of age and from either gender male or female. Employees need to be employed at the organization at the middle level. The employees need to be engaged in retailing division of the organization.

c. A description of the geographical, cultural, social or institutional context within which the research will be carried out
Answer: The research will be carried out in the Australian region, from departmental stores located at main cities or main suburban location. Cultural context is the Western culture in which the research will be conducted. Social context will be mixed cultural society in Australia where the research will be conducted. The institutional context will include conducting the research within Coles Pty Ltd at varied locations.

d. A full description of the data collection methods that are to be used
Answer:Data collection methods that will be utilised for the purpose of conducting this research will include qualitative as well as quantitative procedures by use of a questionnaire. All data will be collected by the researcher meaning primary mechanism, or first-hand data. There will be no use of secondary data in this research procedure. A questionnaire will be devised for the purpose and circulated amongst participants to gain their responses over Google form.

e. The analysis of the limitations to research design, including the reliability and validity of data
Answer:The limitation of the research design includes ascertaining reliability and validity of the data collected. Further, as the data has been collected by primary methods, and secondary research in this domain has been totally ignored hence there is no mechanism by which all the data reliability or validity can be established. Further, the primary data collected cannot easily be validated or cross-checked with the employees due to time constraint.

PART B
Perform the following actions to use a range of applied research techniques and lead the applied research:
• Identify, review and evaluate a range of applied research methods, theories and data collection techniques, and select the methods appropriate to gather and analyse data. Provide the documented evaluations, noting the methods selected. Answer: Applied research methods includes a research design that can enable solving a specific problem or resolving issues with ease impacting the company. It is regarded as a practical application of scientific methods when identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis or adopting empirical methods to solve a problem. Theories of applied research include its three types which include evaluation research where analysis of existing information regarding a research subject for arriving at an objective outcome is undertaken. Research and development focus on the development of new products as well as services on the basis of the needs of the target market. Action research makes available practical solution towards a specific business problem by directing in the right direction. Some methods of applied research for data collection include qualitative as well as quantitative data collection techniques such as interviews, surveys, or questionnaires.In the current research action research will be applied by making use of questionnaire at Coles Pty Ltd to determine factors that enhance employee satisfaction.

• Using suitable technology and technology services to support data collection and analysis, access appropriate sources of information and contributors relevant to the research. Record all sources accessed.
Answer: By application of appropriate technology and technological services for supporting data collection as well as analysis, appropriate sources of information and contributors to the research was accessed. It includes relevant journals from the last 10 years that were peer-reviewed, websites, company magazines, and books. All sources that contributed to the research was recorded in an effective manner with their relevant contribution to ensuring that they can later be cross-checked.

• Use and apply the analysis tools to the data to optimise the relevance and integrity of your research. Provide evidence of the use of analysis tools.
Answer: In order to optimise the relevance and integrity of research analysis tools need to be applied. There will be separate tools selected for qualitative data, which includes descriptive analysis whereas statistical procedures such as correlation and regression will be applied to analyse quantitative data. These data will not only enable arriving at the findings but will also enable optimising the relevance and integrity of the research.

PART C
Complete the following steps to analyse and present the findings of your research:
• Evaluate how the research findings, such as trends and changes, will impact on learning strategy. Document this evaluation.
Answer: The research findings will inform trends as well as changes that will need to be adopted at Coles Pty Ltd. The findings will provide a learning strategy for the organization regarding ways managers at Coles Pty Ltd can increase their employee satisfaction while they are working within their shifts.

• Review the data and research findings for the accuracy of details and to ensure adherence to any legal requirements. Note any issues identified and corrected through this review.

Answer: The data and research findings need to be reviewed for accuracy of details and for ensuring adherence to legal requirements. The only issue arises for not adopting any secondary research data hence not cross-checking them. Also,in case of irrelevant responses provided by any participant could not be cross-checked for ascertaining the validity of the research. Legal requirement related to state and federal legislation needs to be abided to.

• Collate the data, and analyse it for relevance against the originally applied research strategy. Document this collation and analysis.
Answer:The data is collected and analysed for relevance against the originality of applied research strategy. This is done by cross-checking of findings with the data collected and originally applied research strategy.

• Record the research findings into a clear and logical document, presenting the findings in a manner consistent with the identified audience needs.
Answer: The findings of this research for the identified audience are as follows;

Employees were found highly motivated when they found that research is conducted to understand the factors affecting their job satisfaction rates.
Employees revealed that they were demotivated with long working hours, and they found the working environment not conducive.
Employees found perks to be attractive however they were not sufficient to compensate for their additional hours put in.
Perks did not much affect employee motivation at the workplace but it did impact employee satisfaction at the workplace

Identify if there is a need for further research, and if so, document an outline of the appropriate approach required.
Answer: There is a need for considerable research on this topic as it requires further investigation. The research was conducted with only middle-level employees at a certain store of the organization. However, for greater applicability and transferability of this research, there need to be considerable studies undertaken. In such research, other businesses and operational models of Coles along with other organizations need to be considered for greater applicability of the research.

Assessment Task 3
1. What information should you clarify and confirm when undertaking applied research?
Applied Research outcomes directly impact the products and services hence, information that needs clarification and confirmation are

• Client needs and requirement
• Requirements of the end-users
• Cost and time constraints (Guest et al, 2013)
• The geographical location in which the end products will be used
• Available and required resource
• Planning and procedures of research

2. How can you clarify and confirm information regarding applied research?
There are numerous ways in which the information clarified and confirmed in applied research (Guest et al, 2013).

• Contracts, agreement with the collaborators and partners
• Issuing statement and briefing
• Clarifying with managers and supervisors.
• Consulting representatives of the group commissions
• Consulting representatives of target groups (Mukherjee, 2019).
• Consulting with the clients
• Undertaking surveys from customers and end-users for identifying issues and collecting inputs.

3. How can you collect and maintain data in a systematic manner?
Data Collection is the procedure of gathering and measuring information that helps the researcher in answering the research question. The data collection forms an important part of the research and strategic decisions hence it should be maintained in a systematic manner Data can be collected through primary and secondary sources in alignment with topics covered in a research project. To maintain the integrity of research while defining the data into qualitative and quantitative one, it is important for collecting the data accurately. To maintain the information that is collected from various sources, it is important for storing it by using technological tools to prevent breaching and unauthorized use (Meghwal et al, 2017). Also, when data pertains to confidential information then informed consent should be taken from the participant, and usage of data should be clearly explained.

4. What factors might affect the reliability and validity of data? List at least three (3).
The validity of the data is generally specific to a group or team. For instance, arithmetic test dependent on stories helps in defining reasonability capabilities in different learning groups. Three factors affecting the validity of the data are
• Age,
• sex and
• educational level

The characteristics of validation and the reliable group should be mentioned in the testing manuals. The criterion of validity and reliability is also an important consideration while analysing the co-efficient of validity. Thus, it should be remembered that with higher similarities between the performance measure (through the test) and performance represented (through criteria), the researcher can attain a higher validity co-efficient. On the contrary, the reliability of the information is affected by factors like
• Homogenous groups
• Scale Duration
• Scoring in objectivity

The types of reliability depend on the selected research methods during the study.

5. What are six (6) things an applied research strategy might cover?
The outcomes of Applied research are used for innovating organizational products and services. To evaluate each stage starting from planning and ending to implementation, it is important for ensuring that all teams are aligned on appropriate research techniques that might impact the strategies, products, and services of the organization.

• Initiative and purpose- In general terms, applied research is done for finding solutions for real-time problems thus the purpose of the study should be clarified to the scholar.
• Time frames- Realistic timelines should be provided considering the client’s needs and scope of the study.
• Research Setting- The applied research should be done in a natural environment so that scholars can access relevant and up-to-date information while also explore important contextual factors.
• Research Team- The research should involve a dedicated team composed of diverse and skilful consultants (Meghwal et al, 2017).
• Research Methods- Variety of data sources should be used for clarifying the problem while also driving the goal and boundaries of the study.
• Evaluation and research findings- The findings of the research should be submitted to the client for their inputs before submitting the final study.

6. What criteria should a hypothesis meet?
The Hypothesis should be testable for devising and performing any experiments through scientific methods. Essential criteria that should be considered for testable hypothesis are
• There should be possibilities of proving the hypothesis true
• There should be possibilities of proving the hypothesis false
• Reproduction of hypothesis results should be possible

If the above criteria are not considered the results from the hypothesis testing might be vague which undermines the significance of the outcomes.

7. How should you frame a research strategy?
The research framework helps in guiding the entire research process while also helping in developing the documents in a way that will act as funding proposals or note to advisors, partners, and others.

• The goals of the study should be realistic with defined timelines for achieving them.
• Listing the research question which enables the scholar in finding appropriate answers
• Listing and identifying types of data that will be required for answering the research questions.
• Defining the outcomes which will be achieved through the study.

The framing of research might evolve with due course of time due to the refinement done in research questions. As the information is collected, refinements will help in shaping the research process thus, the initial framework helps in building solid foundations of the research work (Meghwal et al, 2017).

8. What factors should you consider about methods, tools, and data collection techniques used in research? List five (5).

The data collection tools refer to instruments that are utilised for collecting information like questionnaires, observations, interviews, surveys, and others. It is essential for choosing appropriate tools for capturing the quality evidence to formulate credible analysis for the research. Several factors should be considered while selecting methods, tools, and data collection methods that are

Identification of opportunities for data collection
Selecting issues and opportunities while also setting goals
Planning approaches and methods
Efficacy of outcomes through selected tools and methods
Adequacy of the tools and techniques in answering the research questions.

Besides, the cost and funding also play an essential role in defining the methods, tools, and data collection during the study.

9. Briefly outline the two (2) main types of sampling.
If the research is being conducted on a group of people, it is a challenging task in collecting information from each individual, hence sampling is done for concluding. The sample is referred to as representative of the entire group thus two major types of sampling are

• In Probability Sampling, each member of the entire group or population has equal chances of being chosen as a participant for research. Probability sampling is majorly used in quantitative research. Four types of probability sampling methods are Simple Random Sample, Systematic Sampling, Stratified Sampling, and cluster sampling (Tolley et al, 2016).

• Non- Probability Sampling methodology, the participants are chosen on random criteria thus each of the individuals do not possess' equal opportunities of being selected like the probability sampling. This type of sampling method is sufficient for exploratory and qualitative types of study.

10. What are the two (2) key areas where integrity must be applied when optimizing the relevance of the research?
Integrity during the research is vital thus principles of honesty, responsibility, justice should be practised during the research. In this view, research integrity refers to the conduct of research in a way that it encourages other scholars and participant in trusting the findings and methods of study (Guest et al, 2013)

• While collecting the information, through primary sources, informed consent should be undertaken while the scope and usage of the data must be clearly explained to the participant.

• While collecting the information from secondary sources, the works of authors and other websites should be cited in the study.

11. What should you consider when optimising the relevance of the research?
Optimization in research is done for finding the minimum or maximum values of functions that are subjected to constraints which are also usually presented by user preferences or restrictions imposed by the scope of questions. Research optimization has become a crucial tool in research domains like statistics, machine learning, computer vision, and others.

The main purpose of optimization is to achieve the best designs considering the constraints of the study. Thus, while optimizing the relevance of research, mathematical analysis and algorithms are usually considered (Guest et al, 2013). New methods can be identified and implemented while optimizing the relevancy of research in contexts of efficiency and costs. In addition to this, the scope and limitation of the study should be considered while the sources should be compared with a selected topic for finding the relevancies thus, only usable information must be chosen for the study.

12. What should you consider when evaluating research findings?
The sources selected for gathering information for the study should be checked and verified for quality, accuracy, relevancy, bias, and credibility. The information should be relevant to the topic while it should also answer the research questions. The findings are the outcomes of the study hence it also includes methods, literature review, scope, background, and other factors (Tolley et al, 2016). All the methods followed should be accurate for analysing the findings of the study. For instance, if the literature review is not aligned with sub-topics then findings will be incomplete as no evidence for work and theories will be available for comparison.

13. What should you review the raw data and analysed research findings for?
The collected data from primary sources before transformation and analysation is referred to as raw data. The data are reviewed according to the scope and objectives of the study after which specific tools and techniques are used for evaluating the findings. The raw data are reviewed, cleaned, and transformed for answering the research question while also testing the hypothesis for significance (Vijayalakshmi &Sivapragasam, 2019). The raw information is filtered, integrated with analysis tools, analysed, and visualized for evaluating the findings of the study.

14. What does collating and analysing data involve?
Collating the data is referred to as combining varied information pieces for finding the similarities and differences. In the research context, different data sets are collated for conducting the analysis and comparing individual sources efficiently and effectively. Appropriate selection should be made while collating data which will help in evaluating salient points of individual sources that will also shape the construction of the study.

Analysing data involves the use of analytical and logical reasoning skills for gaining information. The major purpose of data analysis is to derive knowledge for making informed decisions. These four types of data analysis include descriptive. Diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive. The methods for analysing data involve identification, extraction, preparation, integration, and consumption (Vijayalakshmi &Sivapragasam, 2019).

15. What are six (6) strategies for documenting and presenting research findings?
The research findings can only be interpreted after data collection and analysis have been done.

• Charts and figures are visually attractive tools that can be used for presenting the findings in the snapshot.

• The findings can be documented by allocating suitable headings and comparing the literature to provide readers with evidence of the theory developed or solutions proposed. Headings and sub-headings will guide the readers through research findings thus enabling them to derive the information (Tolley et al, 2016).
• The main findings and research processes can be presented through PowerPoint presentations for helping the readers and audiences to grasp the information easily.
• The audience of the report should be considered while documenting and presenting the findings.
• Visually attractive tools should be highly used as it helps in sharing the information with facts and figures
• While documenting and presenting the findings, the writer or scholar should consider the aims, objectives, and research questions.

16. How can you identify if there is a need for further research?
The scope and limitation of the research help in identifying the need for further research. The literature gap identified through data collection methods helps in understanding the topic should be researched further or not. In some cases, limitation like costs and timeframes impacts the scope of the study due to which further research on the area is recommended. This provides guidelines for the next set of scholars thus encouraging them to find detailed information about the gaps identified.

REFERENCES
Guest, G., Namey, E. E., & Mitchell, M. L. (2013). Collecting qualitative data: A field manual for applied research. Sage.

Meghwal, M., Goyal, M. R., & Kaneria, M. J. (Eds.). (2017). Food Technology: Applied Research and Production Techniques. CRC Press.

Mukherjee, S. P. (2019). A Guide to Research Methodology: An Overview of Research Problems, Tasks and Methods.

Peersman, G. (2014). Overview: Data collection and analysis methods in impact evaluation. UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti.

Pickard, A. J. (2013). Research methods in information. Facet publishing.

Tolley, E. E., Ulin, P. R., Mack, N., Robinson, E. T., &Succop, S. M. (2016). Qualitative methods in public health: a field guide for applied research. John Wiley & Sons.

Tracy, S. J. (2019). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley & Sons.

Vijayalakshmi, G., &Sivapragasam, C. (2019). Research Methods Tips and Techniques. MJP Publisher.

Von Schomberg, R. (2013). A vision of responsible research and innovation. Responsible innovation: Managing the responsible emergence of science and innovation in society, 51-74.

Wimmer, H., & Powell, L. M. (2016). A comparison of open source tools for data science. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, 9(2), 4.

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