Healthcare Assignment: Impact Of MRI On Patients With Certain Conditions

Question

Task: The MRI environment is not a completely safe environment and a number of accidents have occurred.
Patients with certain conditions like those with pacemakers, aneurysm clips and cochlear implants have previously been considered as contra-indications to MRI imaging. However, new advancements and guidelines show that these patients can now have an MRI done under certain strict conditions.

Claustrophobic patients another challenge in the MRI department due to the narrow bore and long imaging times.
In this healthcare assignment, you are required to discuss the following, using the latest literature:
a) Imaging of claustrophobic patients
b) Imaging of patients with cardiac pacemakers, including those with older devices
c) Imaging of patients with aneurysm clips
d) Imaging of patients with cochlear implants

Answer

Introduction
The aim of the research on healthcare assignment is to find the impact of MRI on patients and review different patients health conditions with the imaging process. MRI refers to the magnetic resonance imaging which is a type of imaging technique used in healthcare for providing an image of the human body system. It mainly uses effective magnetic fields in order to produce an appropriate image of the body parts. As per the given scenario, the MRI is not much effective and secure where numbers of accidents have happened in healthcare. Patients suffering from health concerns have reported that MRI is less effective and considered as contra-indication to the MRI imaging. Because of the narrow bore and larger imaging times, the patients are reporting MRI as a less appropriate healthcare system and technique of imaging.

Imaging of claustrophobic patients
The claustrophobic term refers to the anxiety disease that causes a strong fear of enclosed places. The patients suffering from claustrophobic disorder require MRI process where their body parts and systems are scanned and reviewed. Cortes, et al., (2017) reported that imaging of claustrophobic patients can be done using MRI technique but it is more costly and time-consuming that cannot provide significant information about the patient’s disorders. More than 67% of the claustrophobic patients are moving towards the MRI experience as compared to the traditional MRI scanner but Open Upright MRI process is not much effective rather than traditional methods.

It is found in this healthcare assignment that experience plays a major character in the imaging of claustrophobic patients where the complete knowledge of the MRI process needs to be gained so that anxiety disorders can be managed. Before performing MRI operations, the patients need to understand and know MRI-claustrophobia-related stories so that proper understanding can be developed.Franco, (2020) proposed research and reported that in the case of claustrophobic patients, MRI process may produce fear among the individuals which can negatively impact on the health. Therefore, most of the healthcare providers deliver complete guidance and information before processing MRI imaging of claustrophobic patients.

The processneeds that individuals lay practicallymotionless in a stretched, loud compartment for up to 60 minutes. Anarchetypal MRI compartment is greatlysuperior and supplementarystriking than a CT tube, and the characteristicinspect time is larger. The recent literature determined that medical process is one of the significant parts in the reduction of fear among imaging of claustrophobic patients. Most of the healthcare communities deliver two alternatives for conventional MRI. The first process is to adopt High-Field Open MRI that has unlocked sides and not anything pushes on individual’s arms or body parts. It is found that High-Field Open MRI cannot be applied to every patient due to lack of experience and fear because the MRI process requires the proper involvement of the patients so that effective information can be obtained. On the other side, Open Upright is more effective and suitable for claustrophobic patients (Klein, 2016). There are several other techniques that can be used rather than MRI in order to reduce claustrophobic disorders, for example, EFT-emotional freedom process, NLP programming and Hypnosis process.

Imaging of patients with cardiac pacemakers
Kothari, et al., (2017) proposed research and examined that MRI a leading technique used in healthcare for testing the patients' health issues and diagnostic level with numerous medical concerns. However, in the last few years, MRI techniques were not enabled for the patients suffering from the cardiac pacemakers.Before applying MRI to the patients, it is significant for the healthcare to test and check the operational effectiveness of the MRI system so that effective information and images can be gathered. For example, Johns Hopkins hospital performed an MRI process for around 300 patients suffering from cardiac pacemakers where fear was a major problem occurred in the patients but effectively performed operations.

Lack of proper knowledge among nurses can impact on the cardiac pacemaker patients and MRI operations can be disturbed. Implementing the MRI, the pacemaker is retested to make sure that no injure to the machinehappenedat the time of MRI process, and the patient’s unique device steps and processes are restored (Ottensmeyer, et al., 2019). In the case of older patients of cardiac pacemakers, MRI is very difficult because of less capability to manage fear and produce serious problems in the workplace. At the time of MRI, electric signals are applied that produce magnetic fields that can negatively impact on the older patients and lead current and heat-related issues. In the context of pacemakers, metal plates are similar to the magnetic wires which are implanted in the human body and negatively impact on the heart rate and muscles. In order to manage such concerns, it is recommended herein healthcare assignment that healthcare should follow radiologists and cardiologist related processes during MRI scanning so that safety among the patients can be improved. Pacemaker addiction comes with a superiorhazardthroughout MRI because of the potential unsuitablereserve of pacesettermovement with resulting asystole.Morariu, et al., (2017) found that MRI scan in cardiac patients needs particular attention from the healthcare sectors for which the professionals need to follow labour intensive scanning process so that the further issues can be managed from the MRI process. According to America College of Radiology examined that MRI process in the patients of pacemakers should be implemented only when the incident is correctly triaged medically compulsory and when substitute radiologic techniquesare not implemented. So, it is reported that while applying MRI to the cardiac pacemaker patients, it is important for the healthcare communities to focus on the challenges and problems.

Imaging of patients with aneurysm clips
MRI process in patients with embedded intracranial aneurysm cuts has been a state of both debate and tension for doctors and patients the same. It is evident in the healthcare assignmentthat various examinations have characterized measures for characterization of aneurysm cuts dependent on their individual attractive properties as either ferromagnetic. The standard act of utilizing MRI to picture patients with NFAC went through unexpected reconsideration following the deadly result of a patient examined with a misidentified ferromagnetic clasp in 1993 (Rabai, and Ramani, 2017). The nearness of an aneurysm cut made with martensitic hardened steel speaks to a flat out contraindication to MRI, as attractively instigated powers, both translational and rotational can cause cut relocation, prompting genuine injury or demise. In contrast, cuts made with austenitic hardened steel, titanium, or different compounds are viewed as MRI viable due to their nonferromagnetic or pitifully ferromagnetic properties. Debate exists with respect to the level of ferromagnetism that is viewed as sheltered, how to test best for huge attractive field associations, and conceivable acceptance of ferromagnetism in singular clasps.

Imaging of patients with cochlear implants
In the case of cochlear implants selected in this healthcare assignment, imaging of the patient is very difficult and risky because with the implants the major risk is tissue damage due to which MRI system cannot provide effective scanning and imaging. Due to heating of the electrode roads included in the MRI, the tissues can be damaged but cochlear implants utilize shorter electrodes by which the risks from the patients can be managed. For example, with the several implants, a 1.5 Tesla scanning is possible without producing any heating concerns.

On the oppositeside, there are complications that are regularlyhighlighted with convinced cochlear implants. This is sinceeach cochlear implant has an interiorembedattraction. This attraction is intended to grasp the indication coil of the outside audio workstation. Rath and Sharma, (2020) reported that cochlear implants mainly contain a speech network and proper communication systems in order to exchange information. The MRI imaging process after cochlear implantation is conducted in previous studies that reported that while performing an MRI process, it is significant to manage heating issues and damage related problems. In this modern era, an expanding number of cochlear inserts have gotten MRI viable. All things considered, this similarity doesn't wipe out the danger of occurrences, notwithstanding following thorough consistency with makers' security guidelines. It is assessed that the danger of contamination from reimplantation is equivalent to for the underlying implantation, and regarding hearing and discourse execution. Another issue presented by MRI post-implantation considered in the present context of healthcare assignment is the antiquity created by either the magnet or the terminal. The nearness of an accomplished doctor is imperative to forestall iatrogenic inconveniences (Reddy, and Kumar, 2016).

The point between the B0 MRI attractive field and embeds inside the magnet (B1) must stay under 90° to kill danger of embed magnet demagnetization. The basic zone of the attractive field begins 30?cm from the MRI entrance burrow. Oral sedation had been proposed to the patient before MRI, to expand resistance of the agony and weight that could be felt during the assessment. Extra relics in the pictures can result from torment prompting slight developments of the patient's head.

The torment experienced by our patient could be clarified by the dispersion succession, which incorporates twelve headings, expanding the adequacy of the slopes and tissue incitement (Sladojevic, et al., 2020). At long last, cochlear embed organizations have begun to handle this issue. For instance, MED-EL presented another model in the primary quarter of 2018 that is totally MRI-safe at 0.2 up to 3?T, without even the need to apply a head wrap or brace packs, as it has a rotatable self-adjusting magnet that diminishes force and guarantees quiet solace. Unfavourable occasions identified with MRI may incorporate torment, magnet relocation, extremity inversion or demagnetization. X-ray sign must be unquestionable, and the patient must be plainly educated about the dangers of MRI. Oversight by an accomplished individual and cautious thought of the point between the MRI B0 attractive field and that of embeds inner magnet must be carefully watched. A pressure wrap and defensive support are suggested.

Conclusions
From the above findingsobtained in the healthcare assignment, it may be concluded that the uses of MRI techniques can be problematic for the patients of different health conditions for which the proper care need to be included so that damage and health issues can be managed. This report reviewed and highlighted various health conditions and their imaging through MRI techniques. It is found that fear and tissue damage both are major issues that can be produced due to utilization of MRI process for which proper knowledge and resources need to be included so that imaging can be done effectively. More than 67% of the claustrophobic patients are moving towards the MRI experience as compared to the traditional MRI scanner but Open Upright MRI process is not much effective rather than traditional methods.

Most of the healthcare providers deliver complete guidance and information before processing MRI imaging of claustrophobic patients. The process needs that individuals lay practically motionless in a stretched, loud compartment for up to 60 minutes. Lack of proper knowledge among nurses can impact on the cardiac pacemaker patients and MRI operations can be disturbed. Implementing the MRI, the pacemaker is retested to make sure that no injure to the machine happened at the time of the MRI process, and the patient's unique device steps and processes are restored.

MRI process in patients with embedded intracranial aneurysm cuts has been a state of both debate and tension for doctors and patients the same. Various examinations have characterized measures for characterization of aneurysm cuts dependent on their individual attractive properties as either ferromagnetic. Due to heating of the electrode roads included in the MRI, the tissues can be damaged but cochlear implants utilize shorter electrodes by which the risks from the patients can be managed. For example, with the several implants, a 1.5 Tesla scanning is possible without producing any heating concerns. Therefore, considering the above discussion on healthcare assignment, it is recommended that healthcare communities should focus on the problems and issues that occurred due to the MRI process and provide proper knowledge to the patients while moving towards the MRI techniques.

References
Cortes, M.S., Bargallo, N., Arranz, A., Simoes, R., Figueras, F. and Gratacos, E., (2017) Feasibility and success rate of a fetal MRI and MR spectroscopy research protocol performed at term using a 3.0-Tesla scanner. Fetal diagnosis and therapy, 41(2), pp.127-135.

Franco, J., (2020) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety. Healthcare assignmentRadiologic Technology, 91(4), pp.343-356.

Klein, H.M., (2016) Safety Considerations. In Clinical Low Field Strength Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(6), pp. 35-47.

Kothari, S., Singh, A., Das, U., Sarkar, D.K., Datta, C. and Hazra, A., (2017) Role of exponential apparent diffusion coefficient in characterizing breast lesions by 3.0 Tesla diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging, 27(2), p.229.

Morariu, M., Bordi, L., Opincariu, D., Ratiu, A.M., Condrea, S., Benedek, A. and Benedek, T., (2017) New Developments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Diseases–Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications. Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 2(1), pp.17-21.

Ottensmeyer, M.P., Li, S., De Novi, G. and Tzika, A.A., (2019) Functional MRI in Conjunction with a Novel MRI-compatible Hand-induced Robotic Device to Evaluate Rehabilitation of Individuals Recovering from Hand Grip Deficits. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), 12(153), p.e59420.

Rabai, F. and Ramani, R., (2017) Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Anesthetic Implications. In Essentials of Neuroanesthesia, 12(6), pp. 519-532.

Rath, G.P. and Sharma, D., (2020) Perioperative Challenges During Diagnostic and Perioperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In Essentials of Neurosurgical Anesthesia & Critical Care, 12(6), pp. 263-269.

Reddy, S.B. and Kumar, P.B., (2016) A Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Evaluation of Low Backache at Teritary Care Hospital. Healthcare assignment Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 7(3), pp.216-220.

Sladojevic, M., Stanojevic, Z., Koncar, I., Zlatanovic, P., Vidicevic, S., Tosic, J., Isakovic, A., Markovic, M. and Davidovic, L., (2020) Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of proteolytic enzyme concentrations and biologic properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 12(6), pp. 12-18.