ERP Assignment: Problem Solving Strategies at Dell And Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Using SAP HANA

Question

Business Requirement Gathering
This assessment starts with individual information gathering for given industry for the implementation of SAP Hana based business Suite which includes ERP, SCM, SRM and CRM. Target Industries and implementations are:

PART A Individual Maximum 10 pages per student
Keeping these two areas in mind each student should select an industry and target implementation from list. You will provide the following information

1. 1-2 pages Summary of company introduction, vision or mission statement and strategic objectives

2. 1-2 pages Prepare assumption list and least top 5 problems organisation currently having in managing business, operations, workforce, stakeholders etc.

3. 3-5 pages Identify at least 10 business requirements based on your assumption/problems listed in previous step, to be addressed in new implementation based on Hana platform.

PART B Group. Maximum 10 pages each group
Group all students with similar industry and target SAP implementation with 2-5 student per group. Now collate and compare information collected by each individual student and prepare a consolidated business requirement document. (e.g a group of 5 will have 25 problems and 50 requirements). Group should now find best 10 problems and 15 requirements relevant to your selected industry and SAP product implementation on Hana platform.

Answer

Introduction
SAP HANA is an abbreviation for a high-performance analytic appliance that applies technology of internal database to process large real-time data packets in a short of time. This ERP Assignment uses the internal computing platform to process stored data to identify problems in two major technology-based companies. The researcher has chosen Dell and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HP Inc.) as the model companies for this ERP Assignment. The following sections are segregated into two parts. The first part enumerates the company problems and the second part implements them into SAP HANA platform for their effective mitigation.

Part A
1. Company information
1.1 Company introduction and background
Dell: Dell is a multinational computer manufacturer that sells and supports computer products and related services. It has a wide taskforce, with more than 100,000 employees worldwide. As recorded in 2016, the net revenue generated for the year by Dell Computers is $ 54.9 billion (Dell, 2018). Despite major loss of stock faced by the company, it has seen a commendable growth in the worldwide consumer market. According to Ankisettipalli et al. (2015), some of its popular products are OptiPlex, Dimension and Vostro that caters to the needs of its clients in both corporate and private sectors.

HP Inc.: HP is an US-based technology company that provides hardware and software products to its consumers. In addition, IT services and consultancy is also offered by this company. As commented by Kannapan et al. (2016), HP is one of the leading manufacturers of personal computers on a global platform. In the year 2017, the company has reported the net annual revenue to be approximately $ 52.06 billion (HP, 2018). The total number of employees working in the company has been recorded to be 49 thousand, in the previous year.

1.2 Vision and mission statement
Dell: The mission statement of Dell is to develop itself to be one of the most influential IT company on a global platform. The governing body of Dell Computers aims to achieve this mission by providing the best experience to their consumers in the market by offering latest technology at a cheap price. The vision statement of this company is to be the first choice for its consumers in the IT and hardware manufacturing market.

HP Inc.: Despite HP Inc. not issuing an official mission statement, the guiding principle of the company is driven by its corporate objectives. These objectives focus on attaining maximum profit by operating in an ethical manner. HP's vision is to formulate and develop technology that can render higher quality of life. They attempt to reinvent through various innovation and relative breakthrough. In this ERP Assignment we have used SWOT analysis to validate the internal and external environment of the company.

1.3 SWOT analysis

Table 1: SWOT analysis for Dell
(Source: Given by Researcher)

HP Inc.:

Table 2: SWOT analysis for HP Inc
(Source: Given by Researcher)

1.4 Strategic objectives
Dell: Dell derives its strategic objectives from its responsibility

• To combine direct customer models with related technologies and solutions for efficient logistics and manufacturing
• To source new product distribution channels in individuals and businesses in the global platform
• To source new product distribution channels in individuals and businesses in the global platform
• To allow extensive product differentiation to help new acquisitions form a part of business expansion

HP Inc.: The strategic objectives for HP Inc. are driven by realisation for the needs of clients and their preferences.

• To work in a collaborative manner to formulate inclusive culture based on trust and mutual respect
• To achieve faster and better results than the competitors by the application of sustainable and ethical resourcing strategies
• To participate in meaningful innovation to help our customers lead a simplified and better life
• To earn client loyalty by providing consistent quality of services
• To lead in global marketplace through the development and deliverance of innovative and useful products

2. Problems faced by the company
There are a huge number of challenges faced by both HP and Dell. The problems are related to the business management, organisational operations, workforce and productivity. There are also some challenges that are related to the issues meeting to the stakeholder's needs.

2.1 Issues in business management
Both the Hewlett- Packard and Dell had destroyed their advantage in PC section. There is 14% decline in the desktop and the laptop shipments (HP, 2018). Hewlett- Packard and Dell are experiencing the erosion in profit margins and the profit growth. This is due to the reason that there are many new competitors in the technological market.

Figure 1: Breaking down of the competitive advantage both in Dell and HP
(Source: Forbes, 2018)

The other companies in the concerned field are getting the competitive advantage due to their process called outsourcing (Chang et al. 2015). In order to improve their business management Hewlett Packard is planning to get into the additional outsourcing for the PC manufacturing facilities. This will help HP to ensure profitability in the PC market. In the case of Dell, the overall shipments of PC fell by 6.4% (Dell, 2018). It has also been observed that the position of Dell in the worldwide markets fall to the third position. However, the Windows 8 did not help in boosting the sales of Dell (Chen and Zhang, 2014). It evidences that Dell needs a have a better business strategy in order to boost the sales and reach to the number one position. However, Dell has spent $13 on acquisition which would be enough of cages. Private equity buyout in Dell is not much clear (Dell, 2018). The reason for the decrease in shipments in Dell is the less innovation EMC plan in the company.

2.2 Issues in organisational operations
In Dell, there is increase in the Debt in order to buy the EMC plan both $67 billion. The dell is also experiencing leveraging the EMC's Sales force. Though Dell has done acquisition with the companies such as secure works, Sonicwalls, Del Frate, it does not have much relevance (Chen et al. 2017). As per the statement of the Del Prete, the deal can be a success or a failure based on the Dells's ability for leveraging the sales force of EMC. On the other hand, in the case of Hewlett Packard, there are some challenges in the company as it has split into two (Herzig et al. 2015). Splitting into the personal systems and the printing markets made the organisational operations difficult. However, they are not able to focusing in both the department in an equal manner.

The problem in Dell is that they decided to focus on the high end systems from the low margin personal computers (Junnarkar and Verma, 2016). It has been observed that Dell has moved to preserve the profit margins in the consumers PC makes the total sense. However based on the scenario, Dell is focused on the margins still they are not getting any profit. In case of HP, problems that are surrounding are its decentralised structure (Kernert et al. 2015). Their research and development budget is not up to the mark that is needed to develop the IT industry. In 2006, the board of directors was being caught in a scandal who is involved in leaking and spying of the reports. This leads to issue and they faced criminal case at the federal court. The chairman at this time had resigned due to this reason. In 2005, the revenue from the research and development department was 4.5% however, it declined to 2.2 % in 2010 (HP, 2018). Many of the development projects were terminated due to development of innovation in the products.

2.3 Issues in workforce
Dell is not focused on the financial performance; it is showcasing the volume growth in the key areas such as infrastructure, storage and the servers. After 2010 using direct model approach their innovation has increased. The innovation in the market system's all the products are getting outdated frequently (Khoury et al. 2015). In 1995-2010, there is also a development of customers distrust for the products made by the Hewlett Packard; it has been found that HP and its leaders had provided the signals of the values that lead to specifically the employee distrust (HP, 2018). As commented by May et al. (2015) HP at this time has increased the competitive pressure among the customers and squeezed their costs across all the business units. Thus, the leaders in the HP look for the savings of cost and include the moving of jobs at overseas. In order to gain the competitive advantage the company forgot to support their employees. In case of Dell, there is little progress in the workplace diversity (May et al. 2015). This has built the communication gaps between the employees and hierarchy.

The progress in the Dell slows down as it aims to increase the ranges of women employees and different colour of the workforce. Annual report of Dell "legacy of Good" reports that the total number of women employees in Dell in 2017 is 28%. However, it increased by 1% in one year. As stated by Assunção et al. (2015), the workforce diversity in technological companies depends upon the productivity. Thus, in the case of all due to the employment decrease, the productivity has also been hampered.

2.4 Problems to meet stakeholder needs
There are also some issues faced by the company in order to meet the customer expectation. People need the quality product at low prices, however; in the low price, they are not able to incorporate their innovation and the hardware and configuration facilities (Mohapatra et al. 2015). Thus, they are not able to meet the expectation of such customers who want to buy the products at low price. The college students are not attracted to the products of Dell due to the high price. They also cannot meet the customer’s expectation as they do not use the distribution channels. Customers buy the products as the other brands because they are focused on the customised products and it takes time to finish (Sturiale and Trovato, 2015). The Smartphone is availing all facilities a laptop or a personal computer can do (Sun et al. 2015). The rise of the Smartphone is less than that of the PC and laptops, thus, the customers are switching to the smart phones. Thus, HP and Dell both are not able to meet the needs of the customers.

2.5 Issues in productivity
Dell in their annual report also has published regarding their employment in the management position (Mo and He, 2015). 23% was made by the women in the field of their management position at Dell (Dell, 2018). Being one of the largest private companies in the technological field, the company does not disclose its local employment, however, it is estimated that it is 13,000.There is a problem of battery recall in the year 2010 and 2011 it becomes difficult for the dell to survive. In case of HP, the demand for personal computers and printing systems decreased by 8.3% during the financial year 2015. The net revenue was also declined by 17% (HP, 2018). It has observed that smart phones are fast overtaking the Hewlett Packard which is making the company far behind the smart phones.

3. Assumption List

3.1 Business Requirements: Business requirements arise whenever there is a business problem or there is an opportunity for growth. A BRD (Business Requirements Document) has a model of a proposal with the detailed business solution for a project. This includes documenting of the needs and expectations of the customers. It estimates the time and costs to the enterprise for completing a given project, understanding its vision and goals. By taking into consideration the various requirements of the companies like HP, Dell, etc their objectives can be achieved. Most of the businesses have mechanisms to assist with their project management and its implementation.

• To gain agreement with the stakeholders
• To meet requirements and the needs of the customers
• To take the project in next level

Fast Processing of data: The introduction of the HANA platform allows it to process the volatile data whereas previously non-volatile data was read and then processed. Hence, massive amounts of real-time data are processed in a very short span of time.

Personalised experience: SAP S/4HANA provides a personalized experience to the users. It helps them run in a simple, digitized and networked world. This platform aims to simplify and personalise the experience of its users while implementing SAP applications in the mainstream database. Application of contemporary principles of UX design has rendered SAP the ability to provide a role-influenced, consumer-grade experience in HP Inc.

Simplification: SAP implementation in the HANA platform simplifies IT with its ONE platform. It reduces Data redundancy, hardware, footprint, and IT operations. Both Dell and HP can benefit from the simplification catalogue system of SAP that can maintain client and employee data in the central repository for easy accession.

Cost effectiveness: The cloud technology helps the organisations to shift their data and information from standard HDDs and SSDs to the cloud servers. This cuts their cost towards the management and storage of their important and highly classified data and information. The adverse effect of downtime average costs has been readily felt by all significant economies. In this phase, implementation of SAP costs approximately $100,000 at an hourly rate. This ensures real-time improvement in productivity and reliability in HP.

Choice for innovation: Enterprises have the choice of innovative technologies to be used in the data management process of the companies. Implementation of SAP HANA in cloud computing accelerate innovation and growth in HP. In order to attain the benefits relative to innovation, research and development, HP must apply deployment in their existing operations.

Flexible: SAP HANA has flexible deployment options so that the enterprises can modernize their data centres. Schema flexibility is an essential capability that dictates IT sector in terms of productive formulation of key services.

Use of new technologies: SAP helps an organisation to achieve better business outcomes. SAP HANA can also be used with IOT and various other technologies. Both Dell and HP can develop compressed intrinsic technology in their columnar database through the implementation of SAP. As opined by Khoury et al. (2015), short-term SAP can focus on query acceleration engines for business object exploration. Thus, BOBJ Explorer can induce the use of new technology through radical development in this sphere.

Better customer services: It works at real-time data and produces results in a very effective as well as efficient way. Thus, it helps in improving maintenance in a better way. This leads to better and innovative customer services. Data collected through SAP HANA can effectively initiate digitised interactions. This can render Del to the ability to achieve a complete 360-degree overview of clients. It can further allow attainment of operational excellence in the field of customer care through digitisation of manual customer interactions.

.Better customer view: Now, if ERP is integrated with CRM with the help of SAP HANA implementation, the enterprise gets the maximum benefits such as streamlined business processes and an all-around view of the customer. According to Kernert et al. (2015), consumers can communicate with Dell without having to pass through complicated system protocols. This can offer bivariate benefits to both the company as well as the customers. This can render self-service capacities to the consumers, like online payment of bills, monitoring and maintenance of usage.

Less time consumption: Before this model, business processes were time-consuming and manual as well. After merging ERP and CRM, productivity got enhanced and workflow became automating. This can determine the priorities for both the companies and accordingly segregate their activities.

Part B
1. Choice of industry and justification
The present world is actively driven by a multitude of technological gadgets and systems. The researcher has chosen this specific sector due to the growing need for its management. The implementation of SAP HANA in both Dell and HP would aid in the automated information channelling. In the present case, technical backups in the companies’ information system can offer predetermined, periodic as well as ad-hoc reporting capacities (Quintero et al. 2016). According to the findings of Umar et al. (2016), the database services provided by SAP HANA helps to access information related to staff and customers of the organisations.

2. SAP implementation target
Optimisation of complicated working environments continues to be challenge for both Dell and HP. These requirements are prone to variations by the proposition of adverse effects in the workplace ambience. As stated by Mohapatra et al. (2015), the target market for Dell is its employees to help enhance their working conditions in the present scenario of increase stress. HP uses SAP ERP to plan its enterprise resources by incorporating critical organisational functions in data management software. Sturiale and Trovato (2015) note failure of conventional implementing strategies of ERP has given rise to the need of better business approaches in the company.

3. Collation of information
The information is collated from both the companies through extensive market research. Secondary review is conducted by analysing the market strategies that have been implemented by Dell and HP Inc. in the last five years. In addition to this, journal articles pertaining to the issue of information technology are also accepted as effective resources for undertaking the present research.

4. Business requirement document
Business requirement document (BRD) helps to implement smoother implementation of SAP in the chosen organisations. In the present scenario, BRD comprehensively discusses the business needs of Dell and HP. The processes and operations are documented as an organisational blueprint that guides the implementation process. This technology minimises the required time and effort to attain the desired goals of customer and employee retention for Dell and HP Inc.

5. Problem identification

• Not defining or planning regarding the requirements- This issue is being identified in HP, which decreases their workforce diversity and productivity. The data model has the complexity regarding the data structures that are optimised for the efficiency. Due to the complexity the planning is not done properly regarding the requirements. Thus, it forms the issue.
• Unrealistic wishes and expectation- The Dell is facing issues in meeting the unrealistic expectation of their customers that is to get the laptops in lower price. The data quality in SAP has two components namely Master Data and Transactional Data. The problems such as externally procured materials can foul up the results of the MRP calculation.
• Not getting the advantage of the all features if the software- In Dell, the team is not able to incorporate with all the advantages of the software that is implemented. This is due to the reason that ERP selection should be appropriate which is lacked in the company such as HP and Dell.
• Choosing an ill-fitting system in the organisation- HP has unfortunately selected an ill-fitted system in the organisation which has increased the problems in the company. There are some technical issue which will be evidenced in hardware and software system to brick back the value of the company.
• Lack of leadership and the engagement of the team, members- HP are lacking their leadership and the engagement of the team. It has been observed that ERP implementation brings in the significant changes to the conventional business model.
• Not taking the advantages of the training offers that is being made- HP is not able to take the advantage of the training offers due to the other problems.
• Big - Picture is overlooked- In dell this issue has been identified related to ERP system
• The time and resources that are needed are being underestimated- HP is underestimating the time and resources that are required. Price plays a significant role that is dwarfed by the potential revenues which result from the weak implementation. Thus, the implementation partner should be trusted. This will improve the concerns of money and time.
• An implementation team that is not set up from the beginning- Dell do not have the implementation team of ERP system from the beginning. There are some mind shift issues which are most difficult to be resolved. Kernert et al. (2015) stated that the success of the software implementation depends upon the users the system needs to be programmed well so that it can be made the customer friendly.
• A multitasking team- HP lacks the multitasking team. Thus it can focus on one section at a time. Multitasking team in the Informational Technology field is quite important so that each of the tasks can be done in an efficient manner.

6. Identification of requirements

1. Centralised human resource: Many of the companies just want to have the centralised human resource and the financial systems. The centralised human resource and financial systems is significant to run the company with the softwares in an customer friendly manner.
2. ERP scaling needs: In case the ERP system or the SAP system we considered at excels, ERP component can be added to the company, ERP scaling needs to be considered from the specific price standpoint.
3. The performance and the users: The performance and the users can also be scaled before the implementation of the ERP system. This helps in analysing the capacity of the users and the company to incorporate with the new software that has arrived in the market.
4. Implementation options: implementation options regarding who will run the project the vendor or the client or both. The implementation option in the ERP system should be made available to the company so that they can make the proper use of the software at the proper place.
5. Training and resources: As stated by Mechtcherine et al. (2018), a well-trained resource is required which must be flexible and comprehensive. Online and continuing train education should be given by the vendors of ERP system. Along with that the training should be also given for using the ERP system in the workplace by the employees.
6. Customers reference list: It is also required that ERP vendors should have the capability to furnish the long list of the customer references. Before the implementation of ERP system the vendor should assure the company that they will be providing the softwares for the long list of the employees in the company.
7. Support and maintenance: purchasing and implementing the ERP system, is the long-term corporate investment. Thus, it is required that ERP vendors should be a good business partner who will be capable of providing the implementation support. In case any problem occurs after the implementation of ERP system, the support system should be there to support.
8. Service agreements: There should be service level agreement for the mean time to repair thus, it is required to have the cloud-based ERP offerings to run their own data centres. Before the purchase of the ERP software from any of the vendors the agreements should be done in an effective manner. This helps in avoiding any type of legal obligation in the future.
9. Fast processing of the data: It is required that company should be able to improve the processing. SAP implementation allows processing the volatile data. It must be able to process the volatile data not like the previous non volatile data. According to the findings of May et al. (2015), it should be able to process the huge amount of real time data. Thus, it will evidence in mitigating standardised issue in less than three seconds. Thus, the troubleshoot mechanism can be paced up.
10. Personalised experience: The ERP vendor should provide the personalised experience in the products manufactured by the company. This will able to help in running the software in an effective manner. The SAP HANA platforms have the primary objective of simplifying the personalised experience in the mainstream database. Thus, the company can get the innovative solution from the software.
11. Cost-effective: The ERP system should be reliable and cost-effective. This will help the company and owner to purchase the ERP software for their company in the budget friendly way.
12. The choice for innovation: The company also have a concern that the ERP system, they are choosing is providing an opportunity for innovation. The innovation is the major key for the success of any of the company especially in the IT field.
13. Flexible: The ERP system should be Flexible so that the data can be modernised in the companies such as Dell and HP ineffective way. Moreover, there is an essential flexibility system named Schema which is essential for the capability that dictates the productive formulation of the key services, thus, it can be evidence that SAP HANA can evidence the flexibility to the Dell with the help of column store and paradigm.
14. Less time consumption: The HP and Dell both need the ERP system so that they can consume less time for the manufacturing process. SAP HANA need to fast as well as cost effective. The ERP and CRM has been merged which with make the workflow automated. Thus, the SAP or the ERP should have stabilised containment of the unit so that it can be classified as per the need of the organisation.
15. Better customer service: it is necessary that the real-time data that is used in Dell or HP can result in effective services for the customers. Thus, it is essential that the customer should check whether the ERP system is providing better service or not before purchasing the ERP software.

7. Implementation on HANA platform
SAP is a modern in memory database system that can be deployable on the cloud or in the premise. The SAP HANA platform allows the client to analyse the large volumes of the data in the real time. With the help of the SAP HANA platform the data can be accessed and stored in data memory in column based, the online transaction process and the online analytical processing is also being allowed by the SAP HANA platform. With the help of the application services of the SAP HANA Platform, ranges of application can be developed and custom application can be built on the SAP HANA which can help in managing their life cycles.

Enterprise Resource Planning and Customer Relationship Management are used for managing operations, supply chain, managing customer relations, etc. These systems when integrated with SAP HANA platform prove to be of great help to the enterprise (Yu, 2017). ERP can be implemented using SAP technology in the following ways:

• Project Planning: It is one of the fundamental tools used in the SAP technology to break down bigger tasks into smaller ones and then into a network of individual activities. Planning of projects can be done at either level of estimating dates and cost or actual.
• Budgeting of Project: Estimates are compared against actual either at the network level or because of the automatic roll up. Budget calculations can also be computed at different levels.
• Scheduling of Project: This stage enumerates various determinants like start date, finish date. It is carried out at the planning board of the project.
• Monitoring of the Project: The project’s status can be maintained at any time and at any level for various reasons such as trend analysis. This can be either based on cost or time or both. Sometimes milestones are assigned for checking the progress.
• Reporting of Project and Its Performance Monitoring: All standard, as well as customized reports are present. Since SAP is a real-time system, immediate information is available. Thus, monitoring of performance is carried out through the use of extract reporting. This information is readily extractable.

SAP on the HANA platform can be used in the many case scenarios. One of the cases is SAP HANA being a primary Persistence for SAP. These are the Net Weaver - Based application. SAP Net Weaver has the two distinct types of files which include the ABAP and JAVA (Quintero et al. 2016). Ranges of application that are being built on the SAP Net Weaver are being able to run off SAP HANA where the servers are the only sole database. SAP HANA can also be implemented as DATA mart. The data Mart is an industry from where that data is being gathered from the operational data that is operating in the transactional systems. With the SAP HANA operational data marks can be helpful in offering the real time analytics that can report on the data in a transactional system’s database.

The resource-based view of the organisation states that the resources of the firms such as Dell and HP are heterogeneous (Thota, 2017). This provides a link between CRM and ERP into one model. CRM is used to create values for both the enterprise as well as the customers. Use of various technologies, knowledge about the customer etc. helps a lot in making a strong bond between customer and the organization. Integrating ERP and CRM can be quite difficult since it involves both the organisation as well as the customers. New infrastructure is developed for the firm and along with that, new rules and regulations are also formulated as well.

The integration of ERP with CRM strategies has a vast impact on the firm. The enterprise can see itself with a higher performance and increased productivity. SAP ERP has several modules such as Sales and Distribution, Product Planning, Human Resources, Financial Accounting, etc. The ERP can also be used to find solutions as well as recommending the plans of action to meets the requirements of the Company. Dell and HP can use SAP HANA as a accelerators that can be useful in extending the capabilities of the business process in the SAP business Suite system (Thota, 2017). This can be implemented by the performance operation for the specific parts for the computing operations in the designated business processors of the reports. As stated by Mo and He (2015), In the system of in - memory reporting and analysis, the business data is being required from the source system to the SAP HANA database (Jinno et al. 2017). The main components that are being involved in SAP HANA implementation is the source system, software components and the database.

Implementation of an ERP system is a natural development from having a relatively limited solution like accounting software (Jinno et al., 2017). ERP manages and integrates the important parts of an organisation. It integrates areas like purchasing, inventory, sales, and marketing etc. Some examples of Enterprise Resource Planning systems include Supply Chain Management, Decision Support Systems, etc. SAP HANA cal also is implemented as the Classic 3- tier architecture. Thus, it can be used as a relational database. This can be helped in connecting the database using the technical user; the security related issues in the company can be resolved with the use of SAP HANA. The issues related to authorisation, encryption and auditing can be solved primarily with HANA platform. Thus the S/4 HANA and SAP BW in the architecture can be resolved in the IT technologies. While implementing ERP and CRM together into the company's infrastructure using SAP, utmost care must be taken so that there must not be any flaw in the system as that can be fatal for any organisation.

Conclusion
Thus by this ERP Assignment, it can be concluded that ERP implementation in the companies can be significant in mitigating the issues that they are facing the CRM fields. The business operation, workforce diversity and other aspects of the business can be improved with the implementation of the SAP and ERP system with the HANA Platform. Enterprise Resource planning and the CRM are used for the management of the supply chain in the company such as HP and Dell. The systems such as CRM and ERP are integrated with HANA platform for the effective management. And hence by this ERP Assignment we can infer that implementation of ERP and SAP the better customer service and better customer view can be observed. The new technologies will also be incorporated so that the growth of both the companies can be increased. You can observe that in this ERP Assignment a detailed analysis is being conducted which helped us to arrive at this conclusion

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