community focused nursing assignment on nursing values towards the community

Question

Task: How to identify nursing values through the use of community focused nursing assignment strategies

Answer

Educate Self and Make Difference Pamphlet

Keep the main headings below and simply swap the guidance/instructions for your own discussion – delete instructions.

STAGE 2b: AUDIENCE

To gather relevant information on the subject, it is imperative to have a survey and face-face interview with stakeholders that include nurses, medical professionals, patients, and nursing students for better understanding. For gathering information, several questions will be asked to the stakeholders to bring information on the subject and bringing the fact on the cases concerning increasing type-2 diabetes in the population of New Zealand. Face-face interviews and surveys will bring more information and helps to understand the mitigation practices done by medical professionals and the number of resources available in the country for treating the disease and patient for their cure. The increasing number of type-2 diabetic patients in the country is concerning. The government and other organisations have to take the initiative to reduce it and find how the number of diabetic patients increases massively. It has also been identified that young adults are also suffering from type-2 diabetes in the country, and the medical science and the country's government have to work on identifying the cure properly.

Question 1: What resources are available in New Zealand for the cure of type-2 diabetes
One of the stakeholders, a medical professional, answered that there are not adequate resources and technologies available at current for the proper treatment of type-2 diabetic patients. The number of diabetic patients in the country is increasing massively, and medical professionals are working collaboratively to bring improve the disease by taking certain initiatives. In words highlighted by the medical professional, all the other stakeholders agreed with them. However, the medical professionals and other stakeholders are doing seminars in various locations in New Zealand to guide and help them gain knowledge on type-2 diabetes. The stakeholders also agreed that it is hard to cure and provide proper facilities and treatment to patients due to inadequate resources in the country.

Question2: Do you think people have adequate knowledge of type-2 diabetes Is there a knowledge gap
The main cause of diabetes is an inactive lifestyle and obesity, which are common in type-2 diabetes. The unhealthy or imbalanced eating habits and heavy consumption of sugary food items give rise to type-2 diabetes. The pancreas present inside the human body works in managing sugar released from the food and helps manage it by releasing insulin. Diabetes in the human body occurs when the pancreas stops making adequate insulin for managing sugar or if sugar cannot reach the cells and flows into the bloodstream (Dansinger, 2021). One of the stakeholders responded that for the proper knowledge of the type-2 disease, the doctors and health professionals visit various places and do awareness programs concerning diabetes. The healthy diets plan health professionals and the government are providing other necessary things to help them gain knowledge on the disease.

Question3: Do you think that there is critical information that the audience needs to know about
All the stakeholders and their responses identified that there is some critical information that the audience needs to know on type-2 diabetes. With the increasing number of diabetic patients in New Zealand, the audience and other people have to focus on eating healthy and doing exercises to mitigate these diseases. The stakeholders also responded that the audience needs to know the symptoms of diabetes, and if they are feeling the symptoms, they have to consult a doctor. The symptoms such as frequent urination, fatigue, blur vision, increased hunger and thrust are the common symptoms.

Question4: what type of health education resources would be useful for type-2 diabetes and why
All the stakeholders and participants responded that for a better understanding of the subject and disease, health education resources such as easy to understand with more practical information and free to access are useful. It allows n developing interest in people to learn more and understand better, and it brings more knowledge and ideas to people. The healthy items and other educational resources concerning health diseases have to be provided so people can get more ideas and knowledge, and it helps in improving the knowledge of the New Zealand population.

Question5: Is there any particular about the target audience that is important to consider concerning health resources
As it has been identified that the pacific people are the most affected people with type-2 diabetes and is the significant target audience that needs to be considered concerning health resources. All participants agreed that the pacific people need to get treatment as they are most who are affected by the disease. However, there are lots of people with different cultures and backgrounds who are suffering from type-2 diabetes, but the number of pacific people is highest among them (Godfrey, 2021). Around 9% of pacific people are diagnosed with type-2 diabetes in New Zealand, and they need to be treated with proper health resources (K, 2021). After the completion of the face-face interview and survey with stakeholders, experts and other health professionals, it came to the conclusion that pacific people are most infected with type-2 diabetes among the population as the responses provided by the participants.

STAGE 4b: HEALTH EDUCATION RESOURCE SCOPE, GOALS & PROJECT MANAGEMENT

The SMART framework is mainly used to develop a structure that assists in managing clear goal that needs to be achieved in a certain time frame. The aim of using this specific SMART framework is to “Educate self and make difference pamphlet” (See Appendix 1). This framework has been used below to frame a goal that is supposed to be achieved, and its abbreviation stands as Smart, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound (Ogbeiwi, 2017).

Specific:This specific part of the framework describes the specific goal that is targeted by an individual with kinds of goals, and three different goals in three different terms have been developed in this phase. For example, the initial short terms goal will be to develop prevention and management resources for those patients that have been diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes in New Zealand. It will be a great relief for the hospitals that have multiple numbers of patients from 24 to 44 years (Ministry of Health, 2015). The primary audience for those who have been diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes was pacific patients, which was about 6.4%, followed by Maori at 2.2%, and New Zealand European people was about 1.5 %( Ministry of Health, 2016). The identified primary audience needs to be involved in the goal and is targeted to provide primary care. Moreover, in the medium-term goal, both the identified audiences are focused on educating and making them aware of the chronic disease. Last but not least, in the long term goal, the major focus will be to reduce the total rate of the number of type-diabetic patients that have been reported in Diabetes New Zealand (2019).

Measurable:The overall progress for the proposed short and medium-term goal can be measured by continuous monitoring of the activities of the patient (Samhsa, 2018). For example, the number of patients willing to attend awareness programs, requesting for further assessments etc. Monitoring such activities of the people can determine the interest of the patient and the progress of both short and medium-term goals. Moreover, when it is about a long term goal, the only way to measure it is to examine the report of the Virtual Diabetes Register in the upcoming year, i.e., 2022. It will provide information on the rate of type-2 diabetes people, whether it is increased or decreased respectively (Ministry of Health, 2015).

Achievable:The main reason for developing a goal to make people aware and educate them in time is that type-2 diabetes can be prevented with adequate knowledge and awareness, and it is a self-managed chronic disease. The aim of reducing the rate of type-2 diabetic patients all over New Zealand can be achieved by adequate management and strategy, for which the goal setting and working management need adequate skills and knowledge. Hence, the required knowledge and skills have been gathered from RauemiAtawhai as a concrete guide which makes it clear that it is essential to develop skills to help the targeted audiences and enhance their health condition (Ministry of Health, 2012). The guidelines also include basic research on people who have been suffering from type-2 diabetes and acknowledging them further steps needs to be taken. The health consultant for the targeted primary and secondary audiences is also a part of making people aware and educating them on an on-time goal and making sure that their contribution and advice make a difference in the lives of New Zealand people.

Relevant: The goal of making people aware and educating them in time do appears as a relevant one because it is based on the core concept of the chronic disease, i.e., type-2 disease. For example, once a person gets diagnosed with type-2 diabetes can't be treatable; however, it can be controlled and prevented respectively with adequate knowledge and awareness, in addition to that targeted short. Medium and long term goal aligns with each other and can help in meeting each other with respect to time. For example, the medium-term goal is to educate people, and if the goal is achievable, the long term goal automatically gets achieved. The goal has focused on every single aspect of the health care awareness of the patient, which denotes the relevancy of the proposed goal (Katapally, 2019).

Time-Bound: The time-bound defines the required time to fulfil the targeted goals and in the case of making people aware and educating those in a specific time will be one year. This time frame appears to be realistic because type-2 diabetes requires adequate knowledge and awareness to prevent it from being effective in one’s health. The goal of making people aware and educating them in time provides knowledge and skills to those participating people so that they can prevent the disease and take necessary precautions to reduce its effectiveness (Sull&Sull, 2018). Therefore while developing educate self and make difference pamphlet practice of self-management will be adequately taught so that no individual gets hampered by the severity of type-2 diabetes. The estimated time frame to recognise a gap in health literacy is six months which will later lower the number of patient in hospitals and ultimately reduces the total number of type-2 diabetes patient in New Zealand.

STAGE 5: DRAFT AND TEST
The pamphlet that has been developed needs a proper revision by adequate stakeholders and professionals and a random sample so that only relevant information could get released. Therefore, in order to make sure the pamphlet is authentic, the hard copy of Educate self and make difference pamphlet was submitted to the specific group of participants. Those participants included were stakeholders, health experts etc., who went through the pamphlet and significantly provided feedback for further adjustments. The feedback from those stakeholders was necessary because it enabled in moulding the content and polishing it and assisted in delivering a fine one. The main concern was to reduce the unnecessary fillers that have occupied the area, which can be used in explaining crucial things related to type-2 diabetes. For example, the expert has asked to define the major medical term of type-2 diabetes instead of defining it such as insulin-resistant diabetes, adult-onset diabetes etc. (Marks, 2021). They also recommend adding relevant pictures which could make sense, and a person can easily relate to the picture and acquire more knowledge about the chronic disease. The expert went through all the content presented in the Educate self and make difference pamphlet; the other random sample has also recommended some of the content to be modified accordingly. For example, the suggested recommendation by the random sample was to improve headings, font size, and text and make it precise within a pamphlet.

Moreover, both the recommendation that has been provided by experts and the random sample have been considered and addressed adequately. For example, it was said by the random sample to change font and headings, which was considered. The pamphlet was recommended to change the font completely to make it more appealing and attractive for the audience. On the other, the unnecessary content such as the definition of type-2 diabetes has been replaced by a more specific medical terms such as insulin-resistant diabetes, adult-onset diabetes etc. As recommended to add Pacific patterns by stakeholders were added, subsequently demonstrating the primarily targeted audiences (Pietrangelo, 2018). A contact number of Diabetes New Zealand has also been provided as recommended by the random sample on the back page of the pamphlet with a space for the contact of the specialist diabetic team. The overall font and the design of the pamphlet have been changed as recommended by the random sample to make it look appealing. It can be said that the overall changes that were necessary for the pamphlets have been addressed as per the recommendation. Each recommendation was addressed adequately as per the provided feedback.

For the health education resource and awareness, the educate self and make difference pamphlet has been chosen. As mentioned in RauemiAtawhai, if a person has good health literacy, they can understand, find and evaluate the health information and services that are easier to access and take effective decisions concerning health. A pamphlet with various relevant pictures can help in bringing awareness to people. All the stakeholders and other participants have targeted providing health resources and education to pacific people as they are mostly infected and affected by type-2 diabetes. Type-2 diabetes forms when the pancreas stops making insulin that is adequate for sugar storing or when the insulin is not beings used properly as it should be (Cleveland Clinic, 2021). Therefore, inactive bodies, bad eating habits and lack of exercise in the body bring fatigue and obesity, and this certainly gives rise to type-2 diabetes. It is imperative for people to understand the emergence or source of type-2 diabetes and its symptoms (Mayo Clinic, 2021). The pamphlet people of all ages can read as it will be prepared in an interesting and attractive way by adding more relevant pictures related to disease (Mohammadi et al., 2015). The circulation of sugar in the bloodstream instead of cells due to the lack of insulin released by the pancreas brings type-2 sugar. A human being needs to know the relevance of healthy eating and healthy living by taking certain activities. The use of pamphlets is easy, and it can gather more information and attract more people (Ahmad et al., 2015). The needs resources concerning the health of people in New Zealand the pamphlet will be provided to people. As stated in RauemiAtawhai, health literacy brings more education and knowledge to people who are not aware of the disease. The participants are much focused on sharing and guiding people on type-2 diabetes so they can live a healthy life, and it will also help in reducing the number of diabetic patients in the country. The direct use of words and language in the pamphlet concerning health education makes it easier for people to make decisions (Nascimento et al., 2015).

CONCLUSION (of Overall Journal Article – Parts A & B)
The report concluded that the hospital admission diagnosed with type-2 diabetes were identified with a knowledge gap, and the patients were not aware of self-management related to type-2 diabetes in New Zealand. The report has identified that about 9% of Pacific people who were diagnosed with type-2 diabetes in New Zealand need adequate treatment and awareness related to the chronic disease with proper health resources. Therefore, health education resources are necessary for people aged from 24 to 44 years and consider the knowledge gap that existed among the pacific people and lower the rate of hospital admission. The identified audiences, both primary and secondary, were provided with health education resources to understand the existing knowledge gap. Educate self and make difference pamphlet has been introduced to contemplate all the knowledge gaps that existed considering the socioeconomic standard of Pacific people who were living with type-2 diabetes in New Zealand. Later the pamphlet that has been developed will be sent to the respective people through the post so that those people can get adequate information regarding the chronic disease and its prevention. In addition to that, the hard copy will also be forward to the responsible associates, i.e., primary health caregivers, so that each individual and their family living with type- 2 diabetes gets available information. The language barriers will also be addressed since the "Educate self and make difference pamphlet” will be available in the Pacific language too.

REFLECTION (This is NOT included in the word count but should be less than 2 pages).

Gibbs' Reflective Cycle

Description: In the assignment, I was asked to take research the current health issues in New Zealand and to develop a health education resource for the specific population. The journal article discusses the pacific people of New Zealand suffering from Type-2 diabetes and the awareness program or education provided to people concerning the disease. I identified and analysed that in New Zealand, there are many people suffering from Type-2 diabetes and Pacific people are the most. Feelings: During the research, I felt that the people who are not aware of the disease should get educated on the health system, specifically for Type-2 diabetes. I also felt that working on this issue would help me improve my knowledge of the subject. Evaluation: For gathering information, I used surveys and face-face interviews with stakeholders, and it was a great experience. I learned various important things that are necessary for health education. I have developed the "Educate Self and Make Difference" pamphlet, and it was hard for me at first as I did not have any idea, but it was a good experience.

Analysis:The research on the subject was great, and I had a wonderful experience. The creation of the pamphlet "Educate Self and Make Difference" was not well as I expected as I did not have much time. Conclusion: I realised that education and remaining healthy and learning daily are important for better development of knowledge. I learned that time should be used wisely as my pamphlet did not go well due to time shortage. I need to learn various skills which are important for my development.

Action plan: For another article and Journal, I will use my time wisely to bring improvements and growth in my education. I will focus on developing my skills by doing various activities.

REFERENCES(For Part B only)
Ahmad, J., Sritharan, G., &Nasir, N. N. A. M. (2015).THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO AND PAMPHLETS IN INFLUENCING YOUTH ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION.JurnalKomunikasi, Malaysian Journal of Communication, 31(1), 281–296. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2015-3101-15
Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Type 2 Diabetes: What is It, Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments. Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21501-type-2-diabetes#:~:text=Type%202%20diabetes%20develops%20when Dansinger, M. (2021).Causes of Type 2 Diabetes.WebMD; WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/diabetes-causes Diabetes New Zealand. (2019). Understanding type 2 diabetes. Diabetes New Zealand. https://www.diabetes.org.nz/understand-type-2-diabetes

Godfrey, D. (2021, March 24). Type-2 Diabetes could hit quarter of NZ’s Pacific population. RNZ. https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/439054/type-2-diabetes-could-hit-quarter-of-nz-s-pacific-population Katapally, T. R. (2019). The SMART Framework: Integration of Citizen Science, Community-Based Participatory Research, and Systems Science for Population Health Science in the Digital Age. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335501498_The_SMART_Framework_Integration_of_Citizen_ Science_Community-Based_Participatory_Research_and_Systems_Science_for_Population_Health_Science_in_the_Digital_Age

K, M. H. (2021). Diabetes :: Health Quality & Safety Commission. Www.hqsc.govt.nz. https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/our-data/atlas-of-healthcare-variation/diabetes/
Marks, J. W. (2021).Definition of Diabetes, type 2.MedicineNet. https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_type_2/definition.htm
Mayo Clinic. (2021, January 20). Type 2 Diabetes - Symptoms and Causes.Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193
Ministry of Health. (2012). RauemiAtawhai A guide to developing health education resources in New Zealand. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/rauemiatawhai4web.pdf
Ministry of Health. (2015). Virtual Diabetes Register (VDR). Ministry of Health NZ. https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/diabetes/about-diabetes/virtual-diabetes-register-vdr
Ministry of Health.(2016). Diabetes.Ministry of Health NZ. https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/diabetes
Mohammadi, A., Mojtahedzadeh, R., Emami, A., &Dehpour, M. (2015). Pamphlet as a tool for continuing medical education: performance assessment in a randomised controlled interventional study. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29(2), 252.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4715387/#:~:text=A%20pamphlet%20is%20a%20compact
Nascimento, E., Tarcia, R. M. L., Magalhães, L., &Soares, M. A. de L. (2015).Educational pamphlets on health: A reception study. Www.researchgate.net/. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279307598_Educational_pamphlets_on_health_A_reception_study Ogbeiwi, O. (2017, July). (PDF) Why written objectives need to be really SMART. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318390296_Why_written_objectives_need_to_be_really_SMART
Pietrangelo, A. (2018). Type 2 Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, and More. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes
Samhsa.(2018). Setting Goals and Developing Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound Objectives. https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/nc-smart-goals-fact-sheet.pdf
Sull, D., &Sull, C. (2018).With Goals, FAST beats SMART. ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325651343_With_Goals_FAST_beats_SMART

Appendix

Appendix 1: Final Educate self and Make difference pamphlet