You can add endnotes to serve your reader additional information or citation details about a specific source not incorporated in the central text. The blog on what are endnotes discusses the endnotes, their usage, and how to use them in different citation styles. People commonly get confused between endnotes and footnotes; we will help them understand the difference between them.

Essentials related to endnotes

What are endnotes? Like footnotes, endnotes are not mentioned at the bottom of each page. They are referenced or annotated at the last of a document, section, or chapter.

• They may provide details about a text, not necessarily relating to the main content.
• It permits you to incorporate citations without breaking off the flow of text.
• It can be used to identify sources utilized in the content.
• To remove the mess created by footnotes.

The distinction between endnotes and footnotes

Due to their close resemblance, people often get confused with endnotes and footnotes. Both utilize superscript numbers in the text that matches notes included in another place. Typically, both have a similar purpose behind their usage, like giving source citations or adding more details. The key difference between the two depends on their location.

• Endnotes are mentioned on a separate page at the end of a work or after a section, generally after the end of a book, chapter, article, or academic book. In contrast, footnotes are inserted at the bottom of a page, referring to the source used in a given passage.
• Endnotes have detailed information about a source or textual information, whereas footnotes have specific and concise information about a source.
• Footnotes can be used to provide brief details about a source included in the main text. It generates citations for a source used in the main content. It helps to maintain the text flow by avoiding source details between sentences.  
• Endnotes are used to provide extensive explanations. They generate citations for a source not precisely connected with the text. They help to avoid the mess created by footnotes in the text.

We hope you have understood till now what are endnotes and the difference between endnotes and footnotes. Sometimes, footnotes and endnotes are used interchangeably; if you plan to write lengthy notes, then you must use endnotes.  

Steps on how to use endnotes

We will discuss endnotes formatting according to varied citation styles in the later part of this blog on what endnotes are. However, we will discuss some general formatting rules related to endnotes.

Place and number: Endnote referencing style is placed at the end of a document, section, or chapter. A specific number is assigned to the text matching the note.

Format: Almost all endnotes in varied citation styles utilize single spaces between texts and double spaces between notes. The first sentence included in each endnote is indented.

Incorporate relevant information: Going by the purpose of the note, the source’s author must be cited, along with the title, publication date, and page number.

Including endnotes in MS Word

1. Put the cursor within the text for which you want to include an endnote
2. Select the ‘Reference’ tab on MS Word and click ‘Insert Endnote.’
3. Write the endnote text. Several endnotes can be added as per your need. The endnotes will be inserted in an orderly manner with chronological numbering.

What are endnotes in Chicago style?

Humanities disciplines, specifically literature, arts, and history, commonly use the Chicago citation format. The style utilizes both endnotes and footnotes. It also offers two different formats of citations, one author-date format, and the other notes-bibliography format. In the author-date format, citations are placed within the text, whereas in the notes-bibliography format, footnotes are inserted at the bottom of the page with a superscript number within the text. The blog on what are endnotes enumerates the below features of endnotes for Chicago style:

1. Number endnotes sequentially throughout the paper
2. The note number is inserted as a superscript within the text and comes up at the start of the matching note after the respective section. 
3. The cursor to insert the superscript number is placed at the end of a statement after a full stop. It can also be placed within a text but must appear after a punctuation mark or a dash.
4. The page consisting of endnotes is titled ‘Notes.’ The title is placed in the center in bold after the content and any of the appendices.
5. The Chicago format requires separate bibliography entries with complete details of all sources.

Refer to the below Chicago style endnote used for this blog on what are endnotes:

What are endnotes in APA style?

Endnotes are usually not required in APA format as it includes in-text citations and reference list to accomplish the purpose. However, they can be used to add more explanations or comments that are not vital to comprehend the central content of a paper. Using endnotes in APA style depends on the institution’s or the publisher’s demands. The blog on what are endnotes enumerates the below features of endnotes for APA style.

1. The notes are entered at the last of the paper after the reference list under the heading ‘Footnotes’ (the heading ‘Endnotes’ is not used in APA style). The title is bold and centered.
2. The paragraphs must have indentations with double spacing throughout the text.
3. Each note is begun with its superscript number followed by a space.
4. Arabic numerals are used to number each note.
5. The superscript number comes up in the text just after the phrase or sentence’s punctuation mark.
6. Utilizing endnotes must be occasional and included for content that cannot be easily added to the main text.

Refer to the below APA style endnote used for this blog on what are endnotes:

What are endnotes in MLA style?

Citations in the MLA format appear in the form of in-text citations in parenthesis. You can use endnotes to avoid being cumbersome if you want to add more citations in one place. The blog on what are endnotes enumerates the below features of endnotes for MLA style.

1. ‘Notes’ or ‘Endnotes’ in MLA format are listed at the last of the paper before the ‘Works Cited page.
2. Arabic numerals are used to number each note.
3. The superscript number comes up in the text just after the phrase or sentence’s punctuation mark.
4. Begin the first line of an endnote with an indentation; use the superscript number to write the note followed by a space.
5. Use double-spacing to write endnotes.

Refer to the below MLA style endnote used for this blog on what are endnotes:

Wrapping up

To reach maximum efficiency, this blog on what are endnotes will surely help you to understand and integrate endnotes in your academic paper. If you are given a specific referencing style, you must refer to the guidelines in this blog. If you are still unsure how to insert endnotes, you can take help from a citation generator.

Frequently asked question

Can endnotes be inserted on each page?

Footnotes can be added on each page instead of endnotes. Endnotes are included in a single list at the last of a document.

What are endnotes?

Endnotes are a method to cite sources and add additional details. Therefore, it provides extensive information, references to sources, comments, etc., without disturbing the flow of the main text.

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