Students often have to deal with several different assignments like a Turabian style paper to score good grades while learning new skills. Not only essays, articles, or capstone projects, but every type of document needs to have proper formatting.

The Turabian style paper format refers to how the content has been laid out in a visual format for the reader to understand better. The aim of the text will depend on the type of assignment that has been assigned to you, like research, developing ideas or describing events. The proper format will also entail the font size, columns, word spacing, lists etc. It is essential to provide a proper quotation to avoid any plagiarism issues.

How the paper is organized and how the words or sentences appear will depend on your subject. For example, students studying economics, business, psychology, linguistics etc., often have to deal with the APA writing format. Historians, on the other hand, should be able to write according to the Turabian format.

What is a Turabian style paper?

Created by Kate Turabian, this style of writing was developed especially for students. Working at the University of Chicago as a dissertation secretary, Kate’s work revolved around papers. It influenced her to use the Chicago style of writing and tweak and refine several aspects to suit history paper writing. This new writing style did not involve some relevant aspects of publishing; however, many similarities can be drawn between the Turabian style and the Chicago writing style. In addition, several other disciplines other than history use the Turabian style of writing.

If you have been given an assignment at school, make sure not to try and define the writing style by yourself. Instead, seek more information from the professor on the writing style that is to be followed. You can check out the 9th edition of the Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Thesis and Dissertations that includes all the rules for writing.

Since the document is lengthy and requires much time to go through, we have listed all the important information and an example of a Turabian paper format.

When is Turabian style paper format used?

When you are tasked with an assignment, you may wonder which writing style to follow. For example, should you be using the Turabian paper writing style or any other style?

Turabian paper formatting is not obligatory when writing a regular essay or book review; however, writing a thesis, dissertation, or other scientific papers should follow the Turabian paper format. If you don’t find instructions about the writing style, it is always better to consult your professor to clear any doubts regarding which writing format to follow.

Essential sections of a Turabian style paper

Understanding the structure of an academic paper is the first thing to look out for. You cannot simply submit a rough draft without any clear structure. Even if the paper would not be published, it is essential to follow proper structure to submit a good quality document.

Each writing style comes with its unique perks and peculiarities, and therefore you should follow a familiar writing style for each of your assignments, like APA formatting only. Here is a list of all the essential sections for a Turabian style paper.

Title Page: According to the Turabian style paper, the student should include a separate title page or add the title to the first page of the document. Therefore, it is essential to go through the instructions provided by your professor to save time. If you have to add a separate title page, here are some tips to follow.

• Leave one-third space from the top and place the title in the centre of the page.
• Leave a couple of lines and add relevant details like name, class data etc.
• Use a colon to end the tile line to place a subtitle in the following line.
• Use double spacing on each line of your title page.

Suppose you are working on your dissertation or thesis. In that case, it is recommended to check relevant guides to reference proper writing styles as different formats can have different writing practices to look out for. Note that the page heading in the MLA writing format differs from other writing formats, so you will need to follow the prescribed structure carefully when using this format.

Main body

• It is good to capitalize all the titles using the “headline style” in the main body.
• You can also use italics or quotation marks for your titles, depending on the type of paper you are writing. For example, articles or other short texts use titles within quotation marks, whereas books use titles written in an italicized format. Other pieces of texts like poems or plays also have their requirements.
• You can block the prose quotation if it occupies more than five lines in your paper. In addition, the entire phrase can be indented with a different font than the surrounding text to help offset it and make it prominent.

Reference list

• You should label the pages as “Bibliography” or “References”, where you have listed out all the sources depending on the style.
• Keep a two-line gap between the page label and the first entry and use a single line gap to differentiate between the entries.
• Make sure to list out your sources in alphabetical order. It can be sorted based on the first word or the title of the source etc.
• Use “and” instead of ampersand if you have multi-author entries.
• Provide DOIs in place of URLs whenever possible.
• Indicate sections or volumes if there is no concrete page numbering system.

Footnotes and Endnotes

• Number your notes starting with “1”.
• Note numbers should be superscripted, and the numbers should be placed at the end of the sentence or clause, after the punctuation.
• Make sure that all the notes end with a period and are full-sized. Remember not to raise note numbers. Note numbers can also be superscripted in the notes.
• Push the footnotes to the left while formatting the lines. Commentary can also be added after the source documentation when necessary.

Headings: Though the Chicago citation manual and the Turabian style paper does not state any concrete requirements to follow for heading and subheadings, here are a few recommendations to follow.

• The headings and the subheadings should have a proper, parallel and consistent structure across the text.
• Distinguish sub-headings by using different font sizes and always use a new line to begin a new sub-heading.
• The hierarchy levels of the text should be clear.
• Contrasting boldface, typestyles or text alignments can help to differentiate the different levels of sub-headings.
• There should be a maximum of three hierarchical levels in your text.
• Sub-headings should not end with periods.

The Turabian style paper has also developed a five-level hierarchy, but it is optional.

Tables and Figures

• Ensure to position the data as soon as possible after it has been referenced, like after the paragraph described.
• Provide a short explanation or caption if you are using figures.
• The figure’s source or table data can be cited using the credit line placed directly below the figure or table. It can be cited after the caption; however, ensure to distinguish it using parenthesis or any other type of writing.

Providing all the requirements for a Turabian style paper becomes impossible in a single article. However, there are plenty more options, possible solutions or exceptions out there, and you can use the internet to find out more about the requirements.

Correctly cite your sources
Regardless of your writing style, it is very important to let your audience know the exact sources of the data you are using.

The Turabian style paper can include two styles of citation. Both these approaches are different; however, they achieve the same final objective.

Notes and Bibliography style
Any student program that follows the Chicago or the Turabian style paper of writing can use this style.

Book reviews are the only exception where the author-date style needs to be preferred.

Use the endnotes or footnotes to point to the data source for the notes and bibliography option. It can be avoided if you are citing the sources in full for your paper.

Book

• Bibliography: Rowling, JK. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Group, 1997.
• Footnote: 1. JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (London: Bloomsbury Publishing Group, 1997), The National Public Library.
• Shortened Form: 3. Rowling, Harry Potter, 12.

Journal Article

• Bibliography: Sherlock, M & Wagstaff DL. “The Relationship Between Frequency of Instagram Use, Exposure to Idealized Images, and Psychological Well-Being in Women.” American Phycological Association.
• Footnote: 1. Sherlock, M & Wagstaff DL, “The Relationship Between Frequency of Instagram Use, Exposure to Idealized Images, and Psychological Well-Being in Women,” American Phycological Association.
• Shortened form: Sherlock, M & Wagstaff DL, “Instagram and women, 21.

Author-Date Style
When looking and the author-date style, parenthetical in-text citations and a reference list should be used to provide more information about the sources to the reader. The general rule is to include the writer’s last name, followed by the publication year and the page number of the referenced source.

Book

• Reference: Rowling, JK 1997. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Group.
• In-Text Citation: (Rowling 1997, 11.)

Journal Article

Reference: Sherlock, M & Wagstaff DL. 2019. “The Relationship Between Frequency of Instagram Use, Exposure to Idealized Images, and Psychological Well-Being in Women.” American Phycological Association.

In-Text Citation: (Sherlock, M & Wagstaff DL 2019, 45).

Newspaper Article

• Reference: Bandyopadhyay, Agnideb. 2021. “Blending fashion, statement and sports.” The Telegraph Online, September 27, 2021.
• In-Text Citation (Bandyopadhyay 2021).

Website

• Reference: Mayo Clinic “Sleep tips: 6 steps to better sleep”, April 17, 2020, link to the website.
• (Mayo Clinic, “Sleep tips: 6 steps to better sleep”).

Seven important tips for writing a Turabian style paper

A student’s routine can be especially dull with all the different assignments they have to complete every day. It makes the student less enthusiastic towards writing the assignments.

However, it is beneficial to have a final objective in mind. Do you want to be the sharpest in your class? Do you want to impress your professor? Do you want to get your article published and be famous? Not only will the goals serve as your inspiration, but they will also give you much-needed consistency.

This is why we bring the best of tips from expert authors so that you can learn from their experiences. You mustn’t miss out on the chance of learning from someone else’s experience.

Start with the requirements
It is a fundamental step that most students fail to understand its importance. No one expects your writing to be like a professional author. Your writing does not have to be flawless; however, it should not show that you ignored the formatting and other details.

Understanding the requirements is crucial in writing an effective paper. Consult your professor for the proper instructions about the formatting like spacing, indents, margins, etc. You can always follow the sample that has been provided. Ensure that you do not skip the requirements. If you have any questions, get them clarified before you start with your paper.

Organizing the work process
Writing a Turabian style paper or any other type can be quite challenging. It will require you to go through several sources for information and data for analysis and compile them into a meaningful structure. Therefore, organizing your work process is key if you want to minimize time and effort.

Start by developing a plan and dividing it into different milestones with specific deadlines. Have enough time set aside for formatting. Many students focus only on the writing but pay no attention to the formatting, which is not recommended. Therefore, having a planned schedule to follow ensures that no important stage is missed before your submission.

Go through several samples
One can easily find samples of Turabian style paper, but it does not mean you should follow it without any question. As mentioned earlier, the current formatting manual is in its 9th edition; therefore, it is possible that some samples that you might encounter were written following a previous edition of the manual.

Read as many samples as possible and check the dates on which they were posted online. Make sure to use data from several different sources as many websites try to attract visitors using false information.

Proofreading is the key
Proofreading is an essential milestone for which you should set aside ample time in your schedule when writing your Turabian style paper. After you have finished with your paper, it is quite natural to be excited to submit it. However, you should not hurry. Plan your time well before the deadline to ensure you have enough time to proofread. Use the time to go through the paper with a fresh mind and ensure that all the requirements have been met. It will also help you rectify any typos or punctuation errors throughout the text to help you develop a flawless final document. Asking your friends and classmates to read your Turabian style paper is also a great idea to notice any problems that you might have missed out on.

Simplify tasks using modern tools With the advancement of the internet and electronic devices like computers and smartphones, students today have a great advantage compared to when our previous generation was attending school. Thanks to the internet, any information is just a click away.

Asking for professional help
Formatting is not the favourite part of the writing process for most students. Researching and analyzing sources, generating ideas sharpens your creative skills, but how do margins or single quotes make you a better writer?

Hiring a professional author is a great way to save a lot of time on the formatting and is a sure way of guaranteeing a decent Turabian style paper. Professional authors can also help to create one from scratch or proofread and edit your draft.

Avoid plagiarism
Plagiarism is an intentional wrong that you should not commit while writing your paper. With even a 10 per cent of plagiarism, your paper can lose academic performance hampering your grades in the long run.

If you are using data or ideas from a different source, ensure to format them correctly.

You will have to cite the sources and give credit to the source. Also, ensure not to paraphrase direct quotes in your paper.

Several online tools can help you to check plagiarism issues with your Turabian style paper. Use them to your advantage and remove even the slightest plagiarism issues.

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